تبیین الگوی ساماندهی اقلیمی فضاهای عملکردی در بناهای مسکونی مناطق سرد ایران

مسئله پژوهش بررسی الگوهای معماری- اقلیمی فضاهای کارکردی در ساختمان های مسکونی بومی منطقه سرد ایران است.تعیین پهنه بندیاقلیمی بر اساس طبقه بندی کوپن بوده و پهنه جدید به سه اقلیم dfb،dfa و dsa تقسیم می شوند. انتخاب معیارها بر اساس عناصر مشترک و بررسی تغییرات در نمونه ها در سه گروه صورت گرفته است. روش تحقیق پژوهش، تحلیلی-توصیفی با بهره گیری از الگوریتم تاپسیس برای اولویت بندی و رسیدن به جواب ایده آل است. لذا هدف پژوهش شناخت عواملاقلیمی بر شک لگیری موثر بناها می باشد. به منظور دستیابی به هدف پژوهش، خوش هبندی در محدوده اقلیم سرد انجام شده است.نقشه توزیع الگوها نشان می دهد سه گونه خانه در منطقه پراکنده است، اما یکی از الگوهای آب و هوایی غالب، می تواند در کل مناطق به عنوان الگوی اصلی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. بنابراین می وان نتیجه گرفت ساختار فضای کارکردی در معماری بومی مسکونی منطقه سرد ایران الگوهای اقلیمی مشابهی دارد.

explaining the climatic model of functional spaces inresidential buildings of cold areas of iran

the main topic of this s tudy is to examine the architectural-climatic patterns of functional spaces in residential buildings native to the cold region of iran. thus, the research hypothesis is expressed as follows: there seem to be patterns for the climate organization of functional space in residential buildings in cold regions of iran. in order to determine the desired climate zoning, cities are divided into three (3) climates-dfa, dfb and dsa. climate analysis of functional spaces has been carried out based on criteria related to physical proportions, characteris tics related to the spatial organization, and characteris tics related to environmental conditions. to achieve the research objective, clus tering has been carried out in two (2) cold climate ranges, as well as in the interclimate range. in clus tering in the range between dfa, dfb and dsa climates, the bes t number of clus ters is 6, 3 and 8 respectively. the dis tribution map of the region's patterns shows that three identified house speciesare scattered throughout the region, but one of the weather patterns has been seen in all climates, has a larger number of repetitions and can be used as a pattern. an examination of the physical s tructure of functional spaces in this different climate zone shows that the design of functional spaces was formed or altered based on the climatic needs of each region. in this s tudy, the results of the climate analysis of houses in the cold regions can be described as follows, as comparison of the shape of the yard and the placement of several building masses on its sides shows that differences in seasonal conditions cause changes in residential use in the climate, northsouth orientation in cold weather shows that the placement of functional spaces in this climate is proportional to the direction of sunlight, and the north and wes t fronts have been considered in all homes due to weather issues, proper lighting and the use of the sun in the cold seasons of the year, the dimensions of the openings in this climate area have been increased to use the thermal energy from sunlight, the low ratio of the surface of theyard to the surface of the building mass in cold weather indicates the thermal need in the critical season (winter); the large surface mass of the building in (north side) in cold weather indicates adaptation to seasonal conditions and the use of sunlight in the region's very cold and long winter, and the difference in height on the two different sides of the building in this climate indicates the importance of radiation to the surface of the northern side in cold weather and indicates the preservation of heat inside the building. based on this and based on the results, the hypothesis of this research is deduced in the form of a theory and as follows: the climatic adaptation of functional spaces of houses in the cold region of iran has shaped similar patterns of landmark houses in this climate.