بررسی تطبیقی ویژگی های کالبدی و کارکردی شناشیرهای بوشهر با فضای مشربیه در کشورهای حوزه خلیج‌فارس

شناشیرها یکی از جذابیت های فرمی بافت تاریخی بوشهر هستند که عنصر مشابه آن در سایر کشورهای خلیج فارس، «مشربیه» است. با توجه به ارزش تاریخی این عناصر، بازشناسی آن ها به کشف تفاوت ها، شباهت ها و درک ماهیت کاربردی شان در گذشته و استمرار بکارگیری آن ها در معماری امروز، ضروری است. هدف تحقیق، مقایسه کالبدی و کارکردی شناشیر و مشربیه، جهت شناخت شاخصه های بومی، حفظ، احیا و بازبکارگیری آن ها در معماری امروزی است. روش تحقیق کیفی و توصیفی-تحلیلی و راهبرد تحقیق، استقرایی است. گردآوری داده ها از طریق مطالعه اسنادی، مشاهده و مصاحبه است. جامعه آماری تحقیق، تمامی شناشیرهای بوشهر و در سایر کشورهای خلیج فارس، تعداد 200 بنا به صورت هدفمند بوده است. نتایج نشان داد که مشربیه ها بیش تر بر تزیینات و فرم، و شناشیرها بر نحوه ساخت و تطبیق کاربرد فضا، با زندگی ساکنین تمرکز دارند که نشان از تفاوت در بینش اسلامی و فرهنگ و نوع معیشت صاحبان بناها در این کشورها دارد.

a comparative study of physical and functional features of bushehr shanashirs with mashrabiya space in persian gulf countries

shanashirs are one of the formal attractions of bushehr's his torical architecture, which have played an important role in creating the beauty and visual diversity of the city. a large part of these elements are used in his torical buildings that were built using wooden materials. due to the low resis tance of wood, and due to weather conditions, they have been des troyed orsuffered a lot of damage. an element similar to shanashir in the arabic countries of the persian gulf region is mashrabiya, which is used in a more prolific and diverse manner and with more details. therefore, recognizing and examining the differences and similarities of these elements can provide practical help to researchers in these fields or architects to reusethese elements in today's buildings in bushehr. therefore, the purpose of this research. the comparative comparison of the elements of shanashir and mashrabiya is aimed at recognizing the local features of these elements and re-using theseelements in today's architecture and trying to preserve and also revive models with his torical value. in this regard, the research was done by answering the following ques tions, including what are the differences and similarities between shanshirs and mashrabiyas in the persian gulf region? what are the local characteris tics of these elements? accordingly, this writing hasbeen done using the inductive research s trategy. data collection was done in the section of theoretical using reliable library sources. moreover, field s tudies were conducted using observation and interviews. interviews were used to get information about the res toration of buildings or possible changes in the form of the shanashirs. the interview was conducted in a closedand regular manner with predetermined ques tions, and the interviewees were the old owners and residents of the buildings, as well as experts and professors of res toration and architecture. the observation cards of the buildings were prepared inadvance and the authors completed them with field surveys and photography of different parts. s tatis tical population, all the remaining houses with shanashir element in bushehr port belonged to the qajar period. the findings of the research showed that in bushehr, shanashirs do not have a special variety in terms of form and they differ only in the addition of some details.bushehr shanashirs had a practical role in interior spaces and were considered a place to connect the interior space with the house yard. but outside the house, these spaces have been used to create a view and landscape in a space away from the heatoutside and away from the dis turbing sight of s trangers. finally, it can be said that although the origin of iran's shanashirs was the mashrabiyas of the persian gulf countries, but this element has significant differences with the arab mashrabiyas, and in a way, it has become a localized element and adapted to the climate and the culture of this region. moreover, this shows that the culture of the people of bushehr region over time influenced this imported architectural element and turned it into a special local element of this region.