نسبت ضرورت و آزادی برنامه در تبیین دستگاه رفتار- فضا (مطالعه‌ی موردی فضاهای بینابین کتابخانه‌های ملی و دانشگاه تهران)

تطبیق نیازهای متنوع کارکردی از طریق سازماندهی متناسب متغیرهای آن به ساختار فضایی صورت می‌گیرد که لازمه‌ی آن، درکی مفهومی از تاثیر دستگاه فضایی بر دستگاه رفتاری مرتبط با آن است. این نوشتار با بهره‌گیری از روش‌های کمی، توصیفی و از طریق پیمایش رفتارهای فضایی و با استفاده از مدل روند طراحی گونه‌ی آرمانی تلاش کرده تا بتواند وضعیت نحو فضای بینابین را مطالعه کند تا امکان افزایش آزادی تصرف کاربران در فضا را فراهم کند. نحوه‌ی برداشت‌های میدانی از طریق مشاهده‌ی مستقیم جهت نگاشت نسبت فعالیت‌های اختیاری و الزامی در فضاهای بینابین کتابخانه‌های ملی و دانشگاه تهران است. دستاوردهای این پژوهش به راهبردهایی سه‌گانه برای طراحی فضاهای بینابین در کتابخانه‌ها منجر شده است. محور یکم، همجواری فضاهای بینابین باز با فضاهایی با تراکم رفتاری زیاد، محور دوم، افزایش مقیاس فضایی و میدان دید در طراحی فضاهای بینابین بسته و محور سوم، بخشیدن رفتارهای فضایی جانبی و رویدادپذیر کردن آن‌ها.

Space Behavior System Explanation in Proportion of Program Necessity and Freedom(Case study: National Library and Library of the University of Tehran In Between Spaces)

Designing seems to be based on acceptance of minimal programs and proportion of functional levels or as the common discourse calls it »physical plan«, serves as the focal point of its formation, and the quantitative proportion of level to individual plays an important role in its design and evaluation. Meanwhile, interpretations of the quality of the space, experience and event concerning the conventional and standard quantities can not be seen, something which seems to be a result of reductive and simplistic outlooks in line with modernist currents and incomplete education of the concepts of this current and dissemination of the tendency toward an international style. The present article intends to develop a postmodern framework for an outlook toward function in designing and show that a transition has occurred from functionalism to programming which accepts a fuzzy spectrum of necessity, freedom and pleasure. In this situation the designer comes across a problem whereby he (she) has to prepare a lot of options and make some decisions in order to meet a variety range of the needs of his (her) audience, however, the designer’s technical knowhow is not often sufficient for analyzing the reality and future prediction and eventually organization of the human systems. In order to change the program into the design, the designer has to make some orientation and options in programming. The designer is faced with the variables of the problem, their significance as well as acceptance of the changing situation and growing variables on one hand, and human’s behavior, quality and life style on the other. This complication aggravates when the audience or user of the space plays an active role against the author of the space or the architect, hence a confrontation and challenge take place. Explanation of the term »environmental design« which contains the behavior space system refers to the inseparable aspects of biological and nonbiological human systems. The objective is to prepare the ground for the synergy of these two systems toward a proper system of correlated variables in the designed space. Taking advantage of indirect measurement and using the model of ideal type of design, this article tries to study the situation of in between space syntax so that users would take more freedom and pleasure in the space through categorization, registration and mapping of the proportion of optional and necessary activities in the spaces of National Library and Library of the University of Tehran. According to the studies and analysis of the data extracted from observations, the results of the research reveal that the proposed mechanism of designing the in between spaces at libraries toward rendering a better function includes: 1. Prediction of the open in between spaces at a place with most adjacency to other functions, since the more contradictory or indifferent the relations between functions are, the more effective they would be. 2. Design of the closed in between space so that it enjoys a high visibility along with a high spatial scale. 3. Provision of subsidiary function to in between spaces.