سنجش امکان توجه به مولفه‌های فرهنگی در آموزش دورۀ پایۀ طراحی معماری

حرفۀ معماری و به تبع آن آموزش معماری فرایندی است که به‌شدت متاثر از عوامل فرهنگی هر سرزمین است. از آنجا که دورۀ پایۀ طراحی معماری بخش مهمی از دورۀ آموزش را در بر می‌گیرد نقش مهمی در شکل‌گیری شخصیت دانشجویان و رویکرد ایشان در رابطه با معماری و موضوعات مرتبط با آن از جمله فرهنگ دارد. در این مقاله از یک‌ سو با مقایسه‌ برنامه‌های دوره پایه طراحی در سه دانشگاه اصلی کشور سرفصل‌های آموزش پایه جمع‌بندی شده است و از سوی دیگر به روش دلفی مولفه‌های فرهنگ و موضوعات تاثیرگذار بر معماری در حوزه مولفه‌های فرهنگی تدوین شده است. در مرحله نهایی به روش دلفی و استنتاج منطقی، امکان توجه به مولفه‌های فرهنگی در سرفصل‌های مختلف دوره پایه ارزیابی شده است. این بررسی نشان می‌دهد در چارچوب آموزش فعلی نیز با لحاظ موضوعات فرهنگی مرتبط با معماری در سرفصل‌های آموزش پایه امکان توجه به مولفه‌های فرهنگی وجود دارد.

Evaluating the Possibility of Paying Attention to the Components of Culture in Architectural Basic Design Education

Architectural profession and education are procedures deeply based on cultural circumstances in a country. In Iran, one of the major goals of architectural education must be educating architects who know their country and culture well, and are able to do architecture based on cultural and local acquaintances. Architectural Basic Design Education consisting of some courses, lasts just for three semesters, but has a very fundamental role in training architecture students based on cultural and local acquaintances. Accordingly, educating students in relation to their culture, must be conducted in a way that the graduated young architects can solve the regionalvernacular problems of their country and can design generously in the cultural context. Thus, the significant question of this research is that the current basic design curriculum in schools of architecture of Iran to what extent have the capacity of considering the elements of culture and how it is possible to design programs considering the cultural subjects in the context of the current curriculum. This investigation is conducted in two main steps; the first step consists of investigating the curriculum of Basic Design Education in the undergraduate studies of architecture in Iran. Although all architectural schools in Iran follow the undergraduate program of architecture, approbated by High Council of Programing in Ministry of Science and Higher Educations, The main schools have the opportunity to do some changes in their programs. Therefore, the curricula of Basic Design education in three main schools of architecture of Iran are selected to be studied; University of Tehran (consisting of two separate curricula in two Ateliers, 5 and 6), Shahid Beheshti University, and Iran University of Science and Technology. This investigation shows up four different syllabi for basic design studies which are mostly so similar. Comparing these syllabi determines twelve main subjects for basic design education which has been concerned as the main subjects for current research. The second step is dedicated to studying the definition of ‘culture’, and the components of culture based on ideas and notions of cultural theoreticians in Iran. According to this study, Iranian culture has three major components which are ‘worldview and believes’, ‘history’ and ‘geography’. Each of these three components of Iranian culture consists of different subjects which can impact architecture. So, to do architecture in correspondence with cultural context, it is necessary to be familiar with these factors in the field of each cultural element. In final part, the syllabi of Basic Design Education is revised based on the practical detailed syllabi of culture which is determined according to the cultural subjects relevant to architecture. This revision is deducted through the Delphi method, questioning eight professors of Basic Design studios. The result shows that almost in all twelve syllabi of Basic Design Education, potential for considering the cultural components and the relevant subjects exist. Amongst Basic Design syllabi, some have higher capacity for considering cultural subjects. Thus by a precise editing of projects in Basic Design courses, architectural education can be formed more closely to the cultural fundamentals.