اولویت سنجی عوامل موثر بر تاب آوری اجتماعی در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی با تاکید بر زلزله

امروزه رویکرد جدید مدیریت بحران تاب‌آوری اجتماعات شهری است. یکی از ابعاد مهم تاب‌آوری، بعد اجتماعی است. هدف از این مقاله اولویت‌سنجی عوامل موثر بر تاب‌آوری اجتماعی در برابر زلزله می‌باشد؛ در این راستا با روش اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای شاخص‌های مطرح اجتماعی جمع‌آوری گردید، سپس با روش دلفی فازی به غربالگری شاخص‌ها پرداخته شد از پنجاه شاخص شناسایی شده بیست‌ونه شاخص در هفت معیار کلی طبقه‌بندی گردید. جهت اولویت‌سنجی معیارهای هفتگانه با تکنیک تحلیل شبکه‌ای توسط خبرگان ارزش وزنی آنها به دست آمد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که از معیارهای موثر در تاب‌آوری اجتماعی جهت تقابل با زلزله، سرمایه اجتماعی با بیشترین وزن (216/.) در رتبه اول و در مراحل بعدی سرمایه انسانی (184/.)، ویژگی جمعیتی (168/.)، ویژگی فردی (123/.)، کیفیت زندگی (126/.)، امنیت اجتماعی (112/.) و آمادگی روانی جامعه با وزن (058/.) در رتبه آخر قرار دارد.

Prioritization of factors influencing social resilience against natural hazards with an emphasis on earthquakes

In recent years, more hazardrelated research has changed its paradigm from the model of "reducing casualties and losses" to a more comprehensive model of communitybased social resilience based on social systems and social problem solving approaches. The basis of the research goal was to explain the components and indicators of social resilience and to determine the contribution of factors affecting social rehabilitation. To determine the effective factors on social empowerment, after collecting many indicators by using the DelphiFuzzy method for screening items and Selection of the most effective indicators was carried out. Of the 50 indexes collected, 28 indicators were classified in seven main components: quality of life, social capital, social security, human capital, mental fitness of society, individual characteristics, and finally demographic characteristics. In the next step, we used the network analysis method to determine the weighted value of the components and their prioritization. The results indicate that the effective measures in social resilience to confront the earthquake, social capital with the highest weight (216.1) In the first and next stages of human capital (184), demographic characteristics (168/), individual characteristics (123/), quality of life (126), social security (112), and community psychological preparedness With a weight of (058/). So, in the process of social resilience, social capital plays a key role. Studies show that most citizens have insignificant information about the earthquake in the phases of emotion and prevention, and there is also a reluctance to learn and participate in educational plans and programs. Perhaps the reason for this, is the problems regarding daily routines and also the problems encountered in modern cities. Therefore, the components of this study suggest that, in order to achieve social resilience, only significant attention is paid to education and the formation of volunteer groups of citizens. It cannot have enough emphasizes and there should be more important issues such as qualitative Life, social security and other factors listed in the survey. The results of this study were consistent with other researchers and confirmed that they were screened using the fuzzy Delphi method and the use of the collective wisdom of components and indicators, which could include many key and reliant key factors for social resilience in Encounter earthquake. It is suggested that, in order to realize social resilience against earthquakes, in addition to the sociological viewpoint for social layers, we should consider the effective components of urban planning as well as being responsible for the creation of space and places that promote social engagement and social interaction. By recognizing the typology of urban spaces on a different scale, it would meet the needs of the human; by looking at the neighborhood as autonomous units, creating a sense of place, using the attractiveness of the population, paying attention to the cultural personality of the texture, access to basic services and priority to walking in the neighborhoods alongside issues such as education, insurance, awareness of people about the risks and consequences of an earthquake can be used to rescue urban communities with a social approach.