editorial: how can personalized medicine improve assisted reproduction technology outcomes?

Personalized medicine or precision medicine was first defined for management of cancer patients with the idea that information of patient’s genes, proteins, metabolites and environment can be applied for its individualized management and it encompasses prevention, screening, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, follow up, detection of recurrence and categorization of patient to defined subgroups for more effective treatment. current evidence suggests the relative success of this approach in cancer patients. the development and implementation of personalized medicine required a set of objectives and valid biomarkers through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics knowledge of huge samples cohorts regarding confounding factors, such as age, gender, habits, diet, and environment. for the first time, human genome sequencing cost up to $3 billion; however, it costs less than $5000 recently and it continues to decline in price and time rapidly. this is the direct approach for genetic biomarker discovery through genome and transcriptome but the current metabolomics and proteomics techniques require high expertise, labor, and infrastructure, and therefore are more expensive than genomics and transcriptomics technologies at present (1).