Current Chlamydia trachomatis Infection, A Major Cause of Infertility

Background: in india, the impact of current chlamydia trachomatis (c. tracho- matis) in reproductive health remains a neglected area of investigation. the present study evaluates if current chlamydia infection is associated with any clinical com- plication that needs the attention of clinical investigators. methods: in this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 896 women attending the gyne- cology out patient for the detection of c. trachomatis infection. polymerase chain reaction was used to diagnose current c. trachomatis infection and elisa for past infections. bacterial vaginosis, candida and trichomonas were screened. the results of symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were compared. the data was analyzed using epi info version 6 and z test. a probability value of p.0.05 was considered as significant. results: statistical analysis revealed significant association between current c. tra- chomatis infection with infertility when comparing infected fertile (18.6% vs. 9.4%, odds ratio: 2.19, p<0.0005) and uninfected infertile women (45.6% vs. 27.3%, odds ratio: 2.24, p<0.0001). average infection rate was 12.1%, highest in women with in- fertility (18.6%) or with ectopic pregnancy (25%). significant proportions of infect- ed women with infertility (p<0.01) or with recent pregnancy (p<0.001) were asymp- tomatic. follow up of infected women who became negative after treatment [28 women from infertility group and 9 women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (rsa)] revealed live birth in 8 (21.6%) women within one year, 4 with infertility and 4 with rsa. conclusion: study findings suggest association between current c. trachomatis in- fection and infertility. absence of signs and symptoms associated with this infection highlights its diagnosis in women with a history of infertility and rsa for their bet- ter management, as revealed by live births with one year of follow up.