از واژه تا تصویر: تحلیل تطبیقی اقتباس در فیلم «خانۀ دوست کجاست؟» از شعر «نشانی» سهراب سپهری

امروزه ادبیات تطبیقی، تنها به بحث میان آثار ادبی از زبان‌های مختلف با ژانر یکسان، نمی‌پردازد؛ بلکه به تطبیق رشته‌های مختلف هنری و مشخص کردن تاثیر و تاثرهای آنان بر یکدیگر، نیز می‌پردازد. یکی از حوزه‌های مهم و جذاب مطالعات «بینارشته‌ای»، حوزۀ تطبیق آثار سینمایی متاثر از شعر شاعران مختلف است. چنین خلقی، در تاریخ سینمای ایران، آنچنان مورد توجه قرار نگرفته‌است و تعداد معدودی از سینماگران خوش‌ذوق و صاحب سبک، به این روش، پرداخته‌اند. یکی از این سینماگران، مرحوم «عباس کیارستمی» است. او در دهۀ شصت، با اقتباس از شعر «نشانی» سهراب، فیلمی با عنوان «خانۀ دوست کجاست؟» ساخت. در این پژوهش، با مداقه در عناصر شعر و سینما و کارکرد لوازم آنان، به بررسی شعر سهراب و سینمای کیارستمی (چه از نظر سبکی چه جهان‌بینی) پرداخته شده و سپس تطبیق این دو اثر از نظرگاه «فضاسازی»، «قالب»، «راوی» و «مضمون» اساس کار قرار گرفته‌است و نتایجی به دست آمد که اقتباس آزاد و آگاهانۀ کیارستمی از شعر سپهری را آشکار می‌سازد.

comparative analysis of form and theme between the movie where is the friend’s house? and the poem address by sohrab sepehri

abstract introduction one of the most contemporary and significant areas of research in literature and the arts that has attracted significant attention of critics and researchers today is the field of interdisciplinary studies. in this research field, comparative literature studies within the american school are considered a subset. this field emphasizes that to better understand and comprehend literary productions and phenomena, it is necessary to establish connections between various forms of art and consider their relationships with social and cultural backgrounds. the fundamental principle is to move away from a biased view of literary texts and establish connections between branches of the humanities so that we no longer would witness the isolation of these sciences from artistic branches. recent experiences and research have shown that a work of art can both influence and be influenced by other artistic branches. this theory is the result of the efforts of rene wellek, a prominent theorist in the american school of comparative literature. in this research, in addition to the discussion of interaction between two branches of art, the discussion of adaptation is also our focus. although most research on literary adaptation has been in the context of cinema adapting literary narratives, this field has broader implications. what is under scrutiny and examination in this article is the analysis of the function of poetic words adaptation in a mythological poetic work and its cinematic representation by a poet-director. furthermore, we will examine the structure of the poetry and cinema of sohrab sepehri and abbas kiarostami in terms of external and internal levels of an artistic work, considering poetic and cinematic elements in both works for comparative analysis.  methodologythe approach adopted in this research is a descriptive-analytical approach. the data from the two works under study have been examined in terms of form and content. it is natural that the interdisciplinary approach employed in this comparative study is grounded in the american school of comparative literature.  discussionit is necessary to juxtapose two works under examination to determine in which part of the cinematic film this adaptation and reception of words has manifested.the language of poetry is a language that every reader or listener immediately perceives its structural and semantic differences with an ordinary language (everyday