effects of virtual vs. blended-language instruction on the development of listening and reading skills by iranian intermediate efl learners

Recent developments in technology have affected various aspects of human life, including education. these technological advancements have resulted in the introduction of new trends in teaching methodology. these trends include pure online instruction, mixed online and face-to-face instruction (blended), etc. in order to identify the efficacy of such kinds of instruction in comparison with traditional methods, this quasi-experimental study was conducted to explore the effects of virtual vs. blended-language instruction on the development of listening and reading skills by iranian intermediate efl learners. to achieve this goal, 60 intermediate efl learners were selected to participate in two experimental (virtual and blended) and one control (traditional face-to-face) groups. after the provision of the treatments in experimental (reading and listening through virtual and blended methods of instruction) and control (reading and listening through traditional method) groups, a post-test was conducted to measure the attainment of the participants in each language skill.  the results revealed that both virtual and blended methods of instruction could lead to better reading and listening performances. however, the difference between the effect of each treatment was more tangible in one skill scores (reading in the virtual group and listening in the blended group). the point worth noting is that the blended group could significantly outperform the other two groups. comparing the results of all post-tests in reading and listening, it was revealed that blended instruction could result in better reading and listening; however, reading skill was more affected due to the higher mean difference between pre-test and post-test scores. this study has some implications for language teachers in taking advantage of technology in education in a balance with their traditional styles of teaching.