واکاوی درون‌مایه‌های کهن‌الگوهای خویشتن و فرآیند فردانیت، مترتب بر خانه‌های سنتی فلات مرکزی ایران، دوران قاجار

تاثیر فرآیندهای روانیِ هنرمند، طی خلق اثر، مبرهن است. در این ملجاء، کارل گوستاو یونگ، روان‌کاو سوئیسی با مطالعه بر رویاها و اسطوره‌ها، به الگوهای تکرار شونده‌ای در کردوکارهای روان انسان دست یافت که طی تاریخ، به‌کرات برآفرینه‌های بشر، تجلی یافته‌اند. بسط این اندیشه منجربه شکل‌گیری رویکرد خوانش کهن‌الگویی شد که در تکوین الگویی ساختاری در پژوهش‌های علوم انسانی نتیجه‌بخش بوده است. در این نگرش نهادِ اثر، به‌مثابۀ روان آفرینندۀ آن در نظر گرفته می‌شود و استعارات موجود، مبتنی‌بر کهن‌الگوهای مشخصی تفسیر می‌گردند. در میان اقسام هنر، معماری، علاوه بر سویۀ مادی، مشحون ایده‌هایی فراکالبدی و دربردارندۀ جنبه‌هایی غنی از فرهنگ و باورهای این بوم است که مجال تامل‌بر تجلیات ناخودآگاه جمعی را فراهم می‌آورد. این پژوهش با هدف درک درون‌مایه‌های کهن‌الگوهای خویشتن و فرآیند فردانیت، در نظریات یونگ و یافتن مفاهیم مشترک میان آنها و معماری خانه‌های سنتی فلات مرکزی ایران و گسترش مرزهای دانش میان‌رشته‌ای تدوین گشته است. پرسش‌های پژوهش چنین تبیین می‌گردند: درون‌مایه‌های مترتب‌بر کهن‌الگوهای خویشتن و فرآیند فردانیت در خانه‌های سنتی فلات مرکزی ایران کدامند؟ این کهن‌الگوها با کدام اصول معماری خانه‌های سنتی فلات مرکزی ایران تطابق دارند؟ روش غالب پژوهش، تحلیل محتوای کیفی، با تعامل رویکردهای استقرایی_قیاسی و نگرش پدیدارشناسی است. پایایی پژوهش در بخش کمی، با اعمال ضریب آلفای کرونباخ، در نرم‌افزار spss تعیین می‌گردد. نتایج نشان می‌دهند، درون‌مایه‌هایی چون «مرکزیت»، «همنشینی تضادها»، «درون‌گرایی»، «هندسۀ ماندالایی»، «سلسله‌مراتب» و «وحدت» در کهن‌الگوهای خویشتن و فرآیند فردانیت با برخی اصول معماری خانه‌های سنتی قاجاری در فلات مرکزی ایران متناظر بوده و بر اجزای خانه‌ها فرافکنی شده‌اند.

discovering the themes of self and individualization process archetypes in traditional houses of the central plateau of iran in qajar era

the influence of the mental processes of the artist during the creation of the artwork is obvious. in this regard, carl gustav jung, the psychoanalyst, found ancient patterns in the human collective psyche, by studying dreams and myths, which have been manifested many times in human creations throughout the history. the expansion of this idea led to the creation of archetypal approach that has been effective in humanities and art researches. in this attitude, the artwork is considered as psycho of its creator, and the metaphors inside it are interpreted based on specific archetypes. among the different types of art, architecture and in this research, the architecture of the traditional houses of the central plateau of iran during the qajar era, has trans-physical ideas in addition to the material side. the traditional architecture of iran has been various and rich aspects of the culture and beliefs, therefore provides an opportunity to reflect on the manifestations of collective unconscious. this research has sought to understand the implicit concepts and common themes between two archetypes of the self and the individualization process, in jung's theories and the traditional houses of the central plateau of iran during the qajar era. the research questions are explained as follows: what are the themes related to archetypes of the self and and the individualization process in the traditional houses of the central plateau of iran? on which components of the traditional houses, the archetypes of the self and and the individualization process have been manifested? the research method is qualitative content analysis with the interaction of inductive and comparative approaches with phenomenology attitude. the reliability of the research in the quantitative part is determined by applying cronbach's alpha coefficient in spss software. the single-sample t-test confirms the research hypotheses. the results of the research show that the common themes such as centrality, coexistence of opposites, introversion, mandala geometry, hierarchy and unity between the archetypes of the self and the individualization process in jung's theory and the architectural principles and components of the traditional houses of the central plateau of iran during the qajar era, has trans-physical ideas in addition to the material side. the traditional architecture of iran has been a collection of various and rich aspects of the culture and beliefs, therefore provides an opportunity to reflect on the manifestations of collective unconscious. jung repeatedly mentioned the prominent role of the house in the dream and the similarity of the structure of the house with the human psyche. according to jung, traditional artworks ideas will be full of archetypal symbols, due to the ancient nature of the collective psyche. relying on this attitude and the perspective of traditionalist theory in architecture, the traditional houses of the central plateau of iran seem full of archetypal symbols. this research has sought to understand the implicit concepts and common themes between the two archetypes of the self and the process of individuality, in jung's theories and the traditional houses of the central plateau of iran during the qajar era. the research method is defined in a combination of qualitative and quantitative in three steps. in the first part and the psychoanalytical approach of the research, the method of content analysis is used. the model of interpretation in the architectural part of research is phenomenology. this part is also done with the method of content analysis. information is collected using document-library sources. categorization and coding of findings in both sections is done by atlas/ti, a qualitative research software. the third step is to analyze the research data. the delphi expert panel has been used, in order to find the objectivity of the mental patterns and match the archetypal categories with the components of the house and confirm the findings. cronbach's alpha, in the results of the questionnaire, research applications and hypotheses are confirmed with a one-sample t-test. the results of the research show that the common themes such as centrality, coexistence of opposites, introversion, mandala geometry, hierarchy and unity between the archetypes of the self and the individualization process in jung's theory and the architectural principles and components of the traditional houses of the central plateau of iran during the qajar era. the findings show traditional architects have been involved in using archetypes consciously or unconsciously, so the content of their archetypes and the metaphorical self and process of individuality have commonalities with the architectural principles of traditional houses in the central plateau of iran. although the role of culture, climate and other factors is obvious, a part of architecture is an interpretation of the soul that project to matter. aims of research: 1.explanation of the archetypal symbols of the self and individualization process and finding common themes in the traditional houses of the central plateau of iran.2.revealing the principles and components of architecture which the concepts of archetypes of self and individualization process have been projected on them.research questions: 1.what are the themes related to archetypes of the self and the process of individuality in the traditional houses of the central plateau of iran?2.on which components of the traditional houses of the central plateau of iran, the archetypes of the self and the process of individuality have been manifested?