خصائص السیرة الذاتیة فی «الایام» لطه حسین

تعتبر السیرة الذاتیة من احدث الفنون النثریة التی عرفها العرب. وقد بدات تحقق لنفسها مکاناً متمیزاً فی الثقافة والمجتمع بحیث اصبحت جنساً ادبیاً مستقلاً تثیر فی الانفس من حبّ للاطلاع علی ما ظهر وخفی من حیاة کاتبها. فکاتب السیرة الذاتیة یعالج فی سیرته العدید من القضایا الشخصیة والعاطفیة والاجتماعیة والسیاسیة. وفی کل جانب من هذه الجوانب یحاول ان یقدّم خلاصة افکاره وآرائه وقناعاته. یُعدّ کتاب «الایام» نموذجا للسیرة الذاتیة الفنیة التی کثر عنها الجدل. بعض یقولون انّها روایة وبعض آخر یعدّونه توفیقاً بین الروایة والسیرة الذاتیة. یتعرض هذا المقال مع رویة نقدیة الی دراسة خصائص السیرة الذاتیة فی کتاب الایام حتی یصل الی حقیقة الامر. الکاتبة تعتقد هذا الکتاب یکون من اجمل السیر الذاتیة الّا طه حسین لم یراعِ بعض شروط کتابتها، کعدم تبیین دوافعه عن الکتابة او انّه التزم الصدق والصراحة الّا انّه فی کشف عواطفه تمسک بالصراحة الحکمیة او بالحکمة فی الصراحة.

Autobiographical features in the book Days by Taha Hossein

Autobiography is one of the newest literary techniques that Arab writers are familiar with it. This art has a special position in contemporary culture and society. Autobiography is an independent genre of literary types that arouses human curiosity in discovering the obvious and hidden aspects of the author’s life. The author of the autobiography deals with a variety of topics, including personal, emotional, social, cultural, and political issues, and in each of these areas, expresses his views, thoughts, and tendencies. The book &Days& is an interesting example of an autobiographical art that has caused many controversies. Some believe that &Days& is a novel and others consider it a combination of novel and autobiography. This article examines the features of autobiography through content analysis to discover the truth. As it is common in autobiography, Taha Hussein wrote his own life story and followed the technical order of writing. In an interview with Raymond Francis, he stated that &Days& is his own life story. The author believes that the book &AlAyam& is one of the most beautiful works of autobiography, but at the same time, Taha Hussein did not observe some conditions for writing it. As if he has not stated his purpose for writing his biography. Or that he is bound by honesty and frankness in expressing past events, but in expressing emotional issues, he has used wise frankness or rationality in honesty.