الحواریه فی قصیده «قصه شهر سنکستان» لاخوان وقصیده «الفقر والسقام» للرصافی

کثیر من الاشعار الحدیثه علی خلاف الشعر القدیم تتمتع بالحواریه وعناصرها کالقوال الثنائی والکرنفال والکرونوتوب والآلیات الامریه والندائیه والاستفهامیه والخ. اخوان ثالث الشاعر الایرانی المعاصر ومعروف الرصافی الشاعر العراقی المعاصر، هما اللذان اهتما الی المضامین الاجتماعیه وتجسّداها فی اشعارهما وثاما بمعارضه الاستعمار والاستغلال. فهما حاولا ان یحلّا القضایا الاجتماعیه مستفیدین من المجالات الحواریه. اذن تحاول هذه المقاله علی اساس المنهج المقارن الی دراسه الحواریه وعناصرها المختلفه فی قصیده من اخوان «قصه شهر سنکستان»، و قصیده لمعروف رصافی «الفقر والسقام». قد خلصت النتیجه ان هاتین القصیدتین انتجتا من الظروف الاجتماعیه وسعی الشاعران بتوظیف الحواریه وعناصرها لیتناولا الحواریه لحل المشاکل الاجتماعیه بصوره رمزیه. وایضاً نجد ان اعتماد الشاعرین کان علی اهم عناصر الحواریه کالامر والاستفهام والنداء والکرنوتوب، والکرنفال. یجدر الذکر ان المنهج المستخدم فی هذه الدراسه هو المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، فی اساس المدرسه الامریکیه فی الادب المقارن. الحواریه فی قصیده «قصه شهر سنکستان» لاخوان وقصیده «الفقر والسقام» للرصافی

Comparative Study of “Dialogical Principle” in “Sangestan Village” Ode by Akhavan and “Poverty & Sickness” Ode by Marouf Al Rusafi

Poetry turns to be an art in the contemporary era in order to interact with others and society. Contemporary poets are not inconsiderate to their countries and attempt to react for them, propose strategy and talk to society’s elements. Thus many contemporary poets unlike old poets possess dialogical principle and its elements such as reciprocal conversation, vocative phrases, carnival, multilingual and chronotope notably. Mahdi AkhavānSāles – Iranian contemporary poet – and Marouf Al Rusafi – Iraqi contemporary poet – are the ones whose poetries are full of social concepts and fought against colonization and exploitation and tried to solve social problems with a dialogical field and conversational process. Therefore the present research attempts to survey dialogical principle by Mikhail Bakhtin in “Sangestan Village” Ode by AkhavānSāles and “Poverty & Sickness” Ode by Marouf Al Rusafi comparatively. The results show that the abovementioned odes were created because of social conditions and two poets tried to transfer their experiences by enjoying dialogical principle and using its indicatives in order to have effective and symbolic discourse. Both poets’ emphasis was on dialogical principle by applying vocative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative, chronotope and carnival phrases. The applied method in the research is descriptive – analytical based on American school of comparative literature.