Internationalization Process of Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Indentifying Dimensions via Delphi Technique

This study identifies the dimensions and sub-dimensions of the internationalization process of small to medium-sized enterprises (smes). previous literature found that there is no specific perspective that can explain the internationalization process as a whole because this issue is complex and new. thus, this study integrates five theories and perspectives, namely uppsala model, network theory, born-global theory, the theory of international entrepreneurship, and the resource-based view to identify the factors that influence the internationalization process. the study utilizes delphi technique through interviews with 32 experts to obtain their views and reach consensus about the smes internationalization process in malaysia. this study reveales five key dimensions including driving factors, both internal and external factors, network factors, market entry mode, and the obstacles and challenges that act as catalysts for the smes to penetrate the international markets. the study extends the theory/model related to the internationalization process. it may also assist in the formulation of national policies, increasing knowledge of the owners/managers of smes. this study provides suggestions for future research on the issue of smes.