نقش سرمایۀ‌ اجتماعی در افزایش غرور ملی شهروندان قزاقستان

یکی از منابع هویت‌بخشی شهروندان، غرور ملی است که در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه اهمیت زیادی دارد. قزاقستان یکی از کشورهای درحال‌توسعه در آسیای مرکزی است که مهم‌ترین و بزرگ‌ترین آنها در منطقه به شمار می‌آید. این کشور در حالی در پایان سال 1991 به استقلال رسید که اقلیت‌های قومی و مذهبی مختلفی داشت، ولی با وجود آن، سال‌ها از ثبات سیاسی و اجتماعی خوبی برخوردار بوده است، هرچند که رویدادهای ژانویۀ 2022 از بی‌ثباتی اجتماعی و سیاسی شدید در این کشور خبر داد. در این زمینه، نتایج پیمایش ارزش‌های بین‌المللی نیز نشان می‌دهد که شهروندان این کشور غرور ملی به‌نسبت بالایی دارند (میانگین 40/3). این پرسش مطرح است که سرمایۀ اجتماعی به‌عنوان مفهومی نوین در علم سیاست، چه تاثیری بر افزایش غرور ملی شهروندان کشور قزاقستان داشته است. این نوشتار به شیوۀ کمی و با استفاده از تحلیل ثانویه داده‌های آماری پیمایش ارزش‌های جهانی انجام شده است. با تقسیم سرمایۀ اجتماعی به پنج مولفه، نتایج نشان داد که سه مولفۀ سرمایۀ اجتماعی یعنی اعتقاد به اهمیت دموکراسی در جامعه، اعتماد سیاسی و عضویت در انجمن‌های اجتماعی در تقویت غرور ملی شهروندان قزاقستانی تاثیر مثبتی داشته‌ و سبب تقویت غرور ملی در میان شهروندان این کشور شده‌است. یافته‌های نویسندگان نشان می‌دهد تاثیر اعتماد اجتماعی تعمیم‌یافته و ارزش‌های دینی بر غرور ملی شهروندان قزاقستانی معنا‌دار نبود.

the role of social capital in increasing the national pride of kazakhstan citizens

introduction: national pride is one of the sources of citizens’ identity; therefore, it is very important in developing countries. as a developing country, kazakhstan is one of the most necessary and important countries in central asia. this country gained independence in 1991 with good political and social stability. in this regard, the results of international values ​​survey also show that the citizens of this country have relatively high national pride (mean=3.40). based on this, the aim of this research is to investigate the impact of social capital as a new concept in political science on the national pride of kazakh citizens in recent years. this research has been done quantitatively using the secondary analysis of statistical data of the world values survey (wvs). after dividing social capital into five components, the results showed that three components of social capital, belief in the importance of democracy in society, political trust and membership in social associations, have a positive effect on strengthening the national pride of kazakh citizens. the findings show that the effect of generalized social trust and religious values on the national pride of kazakh citizens was not significant.questioning the identity of people and societies is one of the most important intellectual issues of mankind throughout history. in this regard, the national pride is a concept close to national identity. one of the regions where national pride has become very important in recent years is central asia.with the collapse of the former soviet union, five countries emerged in central asia, the largest of which is kazakhstan. kazakhstan tried to separate its political and administrative system from russia. of course, creating and producing identity and expecting its legitimacy in society is a natural thing; one cannot simply act vertically and from top to bottom. in other words, in order to succeed in this matter, it is necessary for the norms, values and customs and social networks and links to help the governments and help them in reproducing their national identity. in this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of some elements of social capital on increasing the feeling of national pride in kazakh citizens.research question: how do the different components of social capital effect on the development of national pride among kazakh citizens?research hypothesis: improving social trust, increasing social norms and social networks and relationships have positive effects on national pride among kazakh citizens.methodology and theoretical framework: the methodology of this research is quantitative and based on secondary analysis. the statistical population of this study is all regions of kazakhstan. the data used to test the research hypotheses were extracted from the wvs wave 7 dataset (2017-2020). the sample size in this research is 1276 people. volchok and narayan believe that the reduction of capital and social bonds in societies weakens the will of individuals to defend their identity and collective interests. in other words, it can be claimed that the nature of social identities requires the expansion of social relations and solidarity, whether mechanical or organic. considering why social capital has a positive effect on citizens’ national identity, ikeda et al, argue that the expansion of face-to-face interactions and strengthening of the collective spirit in community creates better feelings toward the community among citizens.