بررسی چرایی گرایش جمهوری اسلامی ایران به روسیه بر اساس راهبردهای موازنه‌سازی و دنباله‌روی

چگونگی تعامل با روسیه به‌عنوان یکی از قدرت‌‌های بزرگ و تاثیرگذار نظام بین‌الملل همیشه یکی از موضوع های مهم سیاست خارجی ایران از بعد از انقلاب بوده است. به موازات تبدیل‌شدن غرب و به‌ویژه آمریکا به «دیگریِ» غیرقابل اعتماد در سیاست خارجی ایران، گرایش این کشور به روسیه، به‌عنوان «دیگریِ» قابل اعتماد بیشتر شده است. هدف اصلی در این پژوهش بررسی چرایی چنین گرایشی از دیدگاه نظری است. پرسش اصلی این نوشتار این است که کدام یک از نظریه‌های اتحاد و ائتلاف در ادبیات روابط ‌بین‌الملل، قدرت تبیینی مناسب‌تری برای بررسی گرایش جمهوری اسلامی ایران به روسیه دارند؟ در پاسخ به این پرسش این فرضیه مطرح می‌شود که از میان روایت‌‌های مختلف نظری اتحاد و ائتلاف دولت‌ها با یکدیگر، روایت‌های نظری نوواقع‌گرایانه از جمله نظریۀ «موازنۀ تهدید» یا «سیاست دنباله‌روی»، تحلیل دقیق‌تری از چشم‌انداز روابط دو کشور ارائه می‌دهند. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در هر یک از این دو روایت نظری «علل، انگیزه و نتایج» سیاست گرایش ایران به دولت روسیه به‌طور کامل متفاوت از یکدیگر در نظر گرفته می‌شود. از سویی، در روایت نظری «سیاست دنباله‌روی» باید روایت والتی و شویلری را جدا کرد و روایت شویلر را روایت مناسبی برای تببین سیاست ایران به روسیه در نظر گرفت. این پژوهش از نظر روش، مبتنی بر بررسی موردی در یک چارچوب نظری (سازگاری نظریه با مورد) به‌عنوان یکی از روش‌های پژوهش کیفی است. روش گردآوری اطلاعات نیز به شیوۀ کتابخانه ای، مطالعۀ اسنادی و استفاده از منابع مجازی است.

the review of iran’s tendency towards russia based on balancing and bandwagoning strategies

introduction: how to interact with russia as one of the great and influential powers of the international system has always been one of the important issues of iran’s foreign policy, which has various political, security and economic aspects. in this way, as much as the west and the united states became the &other& in the form of enemy in iran’s foreign policy, the policy of looking to the east and being close to states like china and russia became more prominent in the form of east-oriented friendship patterns and regional friendship patterns. in general, iran’s relations with russia can be analyzed at three levels of analysis: &bilateral relations&, ®ional relations& and &international relations&. in this regard, the main aim of this research is to deal with the main reason of iran’s tendency towards russia from the perspective of a theoretical narrative. research question: the main question of this research is that which of the theories of alliance and coalition in international relations literature can better explain why iran is tending towards russia?research hypothesis: in this research, our assumption is that among the various theoretical narratives of alliance and coalition between states, neorealist narratives such as the theory of &balance of threat& or &bandwagoning policy& provide a better perspective of iran-russia relations. because due to the lack of economic interdependence between iran and russia, as well as the lack of a common identity between them, the “economic interdependence theory” or “identity-oriented theories” cannot correctly explain the tendency of iran to be closer to russia.methodology (and theoretical framework if there are):  in terms of method, this research is based on a case study in a theoretical framework (adaptation of the theory to the case) as one of the qualitative research methods. the method of collecting data is document study and use of virtual resources.results and discussion: to answer the main question of this research in the first part of this research, we will discuss the nature of relations between iran and russia and the indicators of cooperation between them. in this topic, we will understand that according to russian national security documents, iran is only an important partner of russia in some areas and regional issues. but on the other hand, iran wants a strong alliance with russia beyond a regional cooperation. in this regard, this claim can be proved by mentioning some cases at the level of &speech acts& and also &practical actions& of iran’s officials.in the second section, we examine iran’s policy towards russia in the form of creating a balance of threats, a balance against the common threats of the united states for both states. based on this assumption, iran, as a security-seeking actor who has an understanding of the threat from the united states, tends to form a security alliance with russia in order to contain its threat. therefore, common identity factors have no role in the tendency to unite with russia. according to this assumption, iran is only looking for security ties with russia, and economic ties and making profits have no place or are not the first priority in iran’s policy of proximity. in the fourth section, we will examine the orientation of iran towards russia in the form of & bandwagoning policy&.