تحلیل چندجانبه‏گرایی تجارت ایران برای استفادۀ بهینه از موقعیت ژئوپلیتیک سازمان همکاری شانگهای

در این نوشتار در جهت پیوستن ایران به سازمان همکاری شانگهای و با توجه به اهمیت توسعۀ تجارت آن با کشورهای عضو این سازمان، چندجانبه‏گرایی تجارت ایران با دیگر اعضای سازمان همکاری شانگهای برای استفادۀ بهینه از موقعیت ژئوپلیتیک این سازمان در سال‌های 2017 تا 2020 را بررسی می‌کنیم. بررسی‌ها را با استفاده از شاخص‌های درجۀ تشابه صادراتی فینگر و کرینین و شاخص کسینوس و همچنین مدل پانل دیتا با آثار تصادفی انجام می‌دهیم. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که ضریب متغیر فاصله، جمعیت و تولید ناخالص داخلی در هر دو الگو بی‌معنی برآورد شده است. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از برآورد الگوها و همچنین آمارهای دنیای واقعی که هر دو استفاده‌نکردن از فرصت پیوستن به گروه شانگهای و بهره‏‏برداری بهینه از موقعیت ژئوپلیتیک آن را نشان می‌دهد، این پیشنهادهای سیاستی را توصیه می‌کنیم: در نقشۀ تجارت ایران، بازنگری اساسی انجام شود و سبد تجاری ایران بر اساس مزایای نزدیکی، جمعیت و رشد اقتصادی کشورها هدف‏گذاری و ریل‏گذاری شود تا از عضویت در گروه شانگهای برای توسعۀ تجارت ایران بهینه‏ترین استفاده شود. ایران باید هرچه زودتر برای تکمیل و استفادۀ مطلوب از راه‌گذر جنوب به شمال همت کند، زیرا بخش عمده‏ای از موقعیت ژئوپلیتیک تجارت با سه کشور چین، هند و پاکستان می‏تواند با تکمیل این طرح گسترش یابد و به‌ویژه تکمیل طرح بندر چابهار می‏تواند در این مسیر بسیار راهگشا باشد. ایران باید با همۀ توانش در راستای قرارگرفتن و استفادۀ بهینه در راستای تحقق هدف‌های جادۀ ابریشم جدید یعنی راه‌گذر اتصالی یک ‌کمربند، یک‌ راه قدم بردارد، زیرا این طرح، مهم‌ترین فراطرح ژئوپلیتیک تجاری در شرایط کنونی است.

analysis of iran’s commercial multilateralism for optimal use of the geopolitical position of the shanghai cooperation organization (sco)

introduction: trade has long been one of the main engines of economic growth and development of countries and almost all economists, economic schools and thinkers have paid great attention to it. in line with iran’s accession and considering the importance of trade development between iran and the member countries of the shanghai cooperation organization (sco), this study examines the multilateralism of iran’s trade with other members of the shanghai cooperation organization, toexamines the multilateralism of iran’s trade with other members of the shanghai cooperation organization for optimal use of its geopolitical position in the period of 2017-2020. research question: the main question of this research is: is iran moving towards convergence with different groups? will convergence with the shanghai group help the iranian economy? what is the degree of similarity between iranian trade and members of the shanghai group? what variables are important for iran’s convergence with the shanghai group?research hypothesis: the hypothesis of this research is as follows: iran’s economy is moving towards convergence with different groups. convergence with the shanghai group helps the iranian economy. the degree of similarity between iranian trade and members of the shanghai group is high. the variables of population, distance and gdp are important on the convergence of iran with the shanghai group.methodology (and theoretical framework if there are): to calculate the commodity composition of trade and the intensity of similarity of exports and imports between iran and the eight countries of the shanghai cooperation organization between 2017 and 2020, two cosine indexes and the finger-kreinin (fk) index have been used. also, the studies were performed using finger-kreinin (fk) similarity index and cosine index as well as data panel model with random effects.results and discussion: according to the cosine index, the highest value is obtained for pakistan (0.610869) and then india (0.545614), and the lowest similarity is obtained with uzbekistan (0.269423), russia (0.250048), and kazakhstan (0.221851). according to finger-kreinin (fk) index, the highest degree of similarity with pakistan and india with (44.5385) and (40.51033) and the lowest degree of similarity with uzbekistan (28.19768) then russia (27.3071) and kazakhstan (25.08058) is calculated. therefore, the correlation co-efficient of the results obtained from the two cosine indexes and the finger-kreinin (fk) index is clear that this value (0.86499898) has been obtained, which indicates the high correlation of the above two indices in a way that confirms the results of each other. that is, in the finger-kreinin (fk) index and the index of cosine, it has a high correlation with pakistan and india. it also has the least degree of similarity with the countries of uzbekistan, russia and kazakhstan. the results panel data model with random effects showed that the coefficients of distance, population, and gdp in both models were meaningless. population variables in both methods had a positive effect on iranian trade and the gdp variable had a negative effect on iranian trade. on the other hand, the distance variable in estimating the model is negative with finger-kreinin (fk) index and positive in the cosine index. interpretation of the results obtained from estimating the patterns implies that; the coefficients of distance variability in both models are meaningless, i.e. iran’s trade plan is not based on using the potential of closer countries. the variable coefficients of gdp indicate the power of the opposite country to absorb the goods of iran, which is meaningless in both models. variable population coefficients have been obtained in both meaningless models, i.e.