Evaluating the Biocompatibility of materials: Routes and strategies of exploring the host response

A biomaterial is a synthetic material which is used in living body as replacement of any part and its evaluation and performance is measured by its activity, stability and compatibility with living system. usually in the field of biomaterial characterization its performance is based upon biocompatibility. the aim of the present research is to describe the parameters and standards for evaluation of biocompatibility of biomaterials. in this study various techniques of biocompatibility testing have been described such as cytotoxicity testing, genotoxicology / mutagenicity testing, hemocompatibility testing, implantation testing, irritation/intracutaneous reactivity testing, pyrogenicity testing (in vivo), sensitization testing, subacute/subchronic toxicity testing, systemic (acute) toxicity testing, chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity testing, immunogenicity testing, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics testing, cell culture test, mucosal damage and mucosa usage tests, periapical tissue damage and endodontic usage test, intraosseous implant test, diagnostic tests on patients, patch test, prick test, radio allegro sorbent test (rast) and corrosion testing. the description of the basics of these techniques along with evaluation standards is also the fundamental objective of this work.