ارائه سازوکارهای موثر برمشارکت بهره‌برداران درمدیریت آب کشاورزی

اﻣﺮوزه ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎی ﻣﻮﻓﻖ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آب ﮐﺸﺎورزی، ﺳﻌﯽ ﮐﺮدهاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ »ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺼﺪیﮔﺮی« و »اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آب ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداران« ﭼﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎی ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ را ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. در اﯾﺮان، ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻬﻬﺎی ارزﻧﺪه ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداری ﺳﻨﺘﯽ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻈﺎم ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﻣﺘﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺸﮑﻞﻫﺎی آبﺑﺮان، از ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻧﺒﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ دﻗﯿﻖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ آب ﮐﺸﺎورزی، زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎ، اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ آن و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎرﻫﺎی اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ در ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای )ﺟﻤﻌﺎ 78 ﻣﻮرد ﻃﯽ ﺑﺎزه ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎی 1349 1403( ﺑﻪ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاری و ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮای ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺳﭙﺲ اراﺋﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ، ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ دﻻﯾﻞ ﻋﺪم ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ آب، ﻓﻘﺪان ﺑﺎور و اﻋﺘﻘﺎد در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻧﺒﻮد اراده ﻻزم در ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮ ﺑﺮای ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﻞﻫﺎ، ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻮدن روﯾﮑﺮد ﻓﻦ ﺳﺎﻻراﻧﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ آب ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺒﻮدن ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ و ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﻞﻫﺎی آب ﺑﺮان، ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﻧﺒﻮدن ﺗﺸﮑﻞﻫﺎ در ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎی ﻓﻨﯽ، ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی، ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮی، ﻋﺪم ﺛﺒﺎت ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎی ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﯽ در اﯾﺠﺎد و ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﻞﻫﺎ و ﺿﻌﻒ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎی ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﻞﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮای ﻧﻬﺎدﯾﻨﻪﮐﺮدن ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ آب، ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ و رﺳﻤﯿﺖدادن ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ/ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﯽﻫﺎی آبﺑﺮان و واﮔﺬاری وﻇﺎﯾﻒ و اﺧﺘﯿﺎرات ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺷﻔﺎف ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز و اراﺋﻪ آن، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ و ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ دوﻟﺖ و ذیﻧﻐﻌﺎن و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻧﻈﺎم ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ در ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺿﺮوری ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ.

presenting effective mechanisms for water users’ participation in agricultural water management

nowadays, the successful countries in agricultural water management have attempted to address the challenges in this sector by “reducing their being in charge” and &transferring the management of agricultural water to stakeholders&. in iran, despite valuable experiences in efficient traditional water management and water users’ associations, significant achievements have not been gained. therefore, the aim of this paper is to accurately identify the factors influencing the participatory management, its contexts, motivations, impediments, and ultimately to propose some mechanisms for implementing participatory management in agricultural water management. a content analysis method was employed, utilizing library resources (a total of 78 cases from 1971 2024). the results of this research indicate that the main reasons for the lack of successful achievements in participatory water management are mainly embedded in the absence of belief and conviction at the national level and the lack of necessary will among decision making institutions to institute for participatory water management; the dominance of a technocratic approach in the water sector; the unclear legal status of water user associations and their weakness in technical, financial, economic, legal, and cultural aspects for accountability; the instability of supportive policies in establishing and organizing these associations. to institutionalize participatory irrigation management, it is essential to establish and formalize water user associations, delegate responsibilities and authorities in accordance with the country’s seventh development plan, clearly define and provide water services, ensure mutual participation and accountability between the government and stakeholders, and ultimately establish a demand driven support system based on cost sharing.