شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی چالش‌های بازار صادراتی محصولات منتخب صنایع غذایی ایران

در راستای تنوع بخشی به بازارهای صادراتی، کاهش خام فروشی محصولات کشاورزی و افزایش ارزآوری صادرات بخش کشاورزی، توجه به صادرات محصولات تبدیلی و تکمیلی کشاورزی حائز اهمیت خواهد بود. ایران جزء 10 صادرکننده برتر رب گوجه فرنگی و ماست در جهان بوده؛ همچنین صادرات خامه تغلیظ شده و تغلیظ نشده ایران نیز در سال‌ 2018 به ترتیب با رشد 300 و 120 درصدی نسبت به سال 2010، به رتبه صادراتی 23 و 40 در جهان ارتقاء یافته است و از این رو این محصولات جایگاه مناسبی در صنایع غذایی ایران دارند. این در حالی است که بهویژه در سال های اخیر چالش های متعددی پیش روی صادرکنندگان قرار داشته است. در این مطالعه از طریق برگزاری نشست‌های تخصصی با صادرکنندگان، اهم چالش‌های صادراتی محصولات منتخب صنایع غذایی تعیین و با استفاده از رهیافت ahp این موانع صادراتی اولویت‌بندی گردید. مهمترین چالش‌های نتیجه‌گیری شده به ترتیب تصمیم‌گیری‌های خلق‌الساعه از سوی سیاست‌گذار، تحریم‌ها و چالش‌های انتقال ارز و ممنوعیت صادرات توسط سیاست‌گزار جهت کنترل بازارهای داخلی بوده‌اند.

identifying and prioritizing the challenges of the export market of selected products of iran’s food industry

introductionfood and processing industries as industries related to agricultural products are among the most important industrial groups that can play an effective role in the economic development of countries, especially developing countries.on the one hand, in order to provide foreign exchange and increase foreign exchange earnings, and on the other hand, to reduce the dependence of exports on the crude energy industry, the development of non-oil exports, including the development of exports of agricultural products will be necessary.however, since the review of studies alone cannot reflect the real challenges of exporters, especially in recent years, in this study, specialized meetings have been used to more accurately extract these challenges.methodsin this study, identifying the challenges of the export market of selected food industry products in the first step by reviewing past studies and in the second step by conducting interviews and holding face-to-face and virtual meetings with exporters at the office of the national center for strategic studies in agriculture and water iran chamber of commerce, industries, mines and agriculture was established in 2020 and 2021. finally, with the participation of exporters, solutions were provided to get out of the current situation.resultsthe most important export challenges based on the review of studies and the results of specialized meetings are: unplanned decisions by policymakers, sanctions and the challenge of transferring currency to iran, policymakers use exports to control domestic markets, failure to complete the supply chain and the value of export products in iran, exchange rate fluctuations, lack of efforts for branding, the need to support it and the need to avoid false competition of domestic manufacturers and exporters, failure to provide a specific program to support exports, limited export destinations and lack of diversification of export markets, lack of policy for the development of trade negotiations, logistics costs, export insecurity in countries such as iraq and the heavy dependence of trade on politics in iran, non-compliance of products with global taste (non-export-oriented production), inefficiency of production facility system, dissemination of information and refusal of iranian exporters to announce real prices, reduce access to secure packaging by tightening sanctions and the need to provide accurate databases in production and trade for major export products.discussionin this review study, the challenges of the export market of selected iranian products were investigated. these challenges are almost the same for other products. some of these challenges need to be addressed with government support and some with the efforts of the private sector and exporters.