اثر خصوصیات خانوار بر تقاضای مواد غذایی خانوارهای شهری و روستایی ایران

اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎی ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎی ﻋﻤﺪه ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﺒﺪ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎی ﺷﻬﺮی و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از دادهﻫﺎی ﺧﺎم ﻣﺮﮐﺰ آﻣﺎر اﯾﺮان ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎی ﻋﻤﺪه ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در ﺷﺶ ﮔﺮوه ﻏﻼت، ﮔﻮﺷﺖ، ﻟﺒﻨﯿﺎت، روﻏﻦ و ﭼﺮﺑﯽ، ﻣﯿﻮه، ﺳﺒﺰی و ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎت و ﻗﻨﺪ و ﺷﮑﺮ ﺟﻤﻊﺳﺎزی ﺷﺪ، ﺳﭙﺲ دادهﻫﺎی ﺷﺒﻪ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دادهﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ و درآﻣﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار و ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﻫﺮ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﻮﻫﺮت در دوره زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 1393- 1384 اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎی ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل quaids و ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧﺎﻧﻮار و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮی و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎوت اﻟﮕﻮی ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎی ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮی و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧﺎﻧﻮار و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎی ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎی ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮی و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار، اﻧﺪازه ﺧﺎﻧﻮار، ﺳﻦ، ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖ دارای اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎی ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎی ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﻬﺒﻮد اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪای و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻘﺪار دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺧﺎﻧﻮار اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺷﻮد.

Effect of Household Characteristics on Food Demand of Iranian Rural and Urban Households

The aim of this study is evaluate the effect of household characteristics on demand for major food groups that make the urban and rural household food basket in Iran. For this purpose, we was used the raw data of Statistical Center of Iran as. Then pseudopanel data was made using crosssectional household survey data as average of total observation on each province as cohort during 138493. Finally, household demand were estimated with QUAIDS model and household characteristics and location variables estimated separately for rural and urban areas of Iran. Results indicate that food demand pattern is different in urban and rural. Also the effect of household characteristics and regional variables on food group’s demand in rural and urban areas shows that householder education, household size, age, gender and region of residence have a significant effect on demand. So in implementation of any policy that aimed improving household food security should be based on regional and availability of food and household characteristics.