ارزیابی سیاست های حمایت از تولیدکنندگان و مصرف کنندگان پسته در ایران

ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫـﺎی ﺣﻤـﺎﯾﺘﯽ از ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﺖ های اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدی در ﺑﺨـﺶ ﮐﺸـﺎورزی ﮐﺸـﻮرﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و درﺣﺎلﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺸﻤﺎر ﻣـﯽ روﻧـﺪ. در اﯾـﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑـﻪ ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﯿﺎﺳـﺖ ﻫـﺎی ﺣﻤـﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ﺑـﺮای اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر از ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﺑـﺮآورد ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه (pse) و ﺑﺮآورد ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪه (cse) ﺑﺮای ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﭘﺴﺘﻪ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎی 1371 ﺗﺎ 1393 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﻤﯽﺷـﻮد، ﺑﻠﮑـﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎت ﭘﻨﻬﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ از آنﻫﺎ اﺧﺬ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎن ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺳﺎل 1376 ﻃﯽ ﻣﺪت ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﻮم ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار 583 ﻫـﺰار رﯾـﺎل و ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪار 3181- ﻫـﺰار رﯾـﺎل ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﻤﺎﯾـﺖ از ﻣﺼـﺮف ﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎن اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮل ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﯽ دﻫـﺪ در ﮐـﻞ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن از ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨـﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺤﺼـﻮل ﭘﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار ﺷـﺪه اﻧـﺪ. ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻗﯿﻤـﺖ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎل 1372 ﻣﻘـﺪار 2315/5 رﯾﺎل اﺳﺖ و ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﺪدی 86/1 رﯾﺎل ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎل 1379 اﺳـﺖ. در ﻣﺠﻤـﻮع ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎی دﯾﮕﺮی از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻋﻄـﺎی ﺗﺴـﻬﯿﻼت ارزان ﻗﯿﻤـﺖ، ﺟـﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺳـﻮﺧﺖ ارزانﺗﺮ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻧﮕﻪ داﺷﺘﻦ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻧﻬﺎده ﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪی ﮐﺸـﺎورزان اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮل ﻣـﻮرد اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻗـﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

Evaluating Support Policies to Producers and Consumers of Pistachios in Iran

In this research, we evaluate the supportive policies of the producer, pistachio consumer product. For this purpose, (PSE) and consumer support estimates (CSE) were used to estimate the amount of support for the pistachio production and consumption sector during the years 1989 to 2014. The results of the support of the producers showed that the highest amount of support from pistachio producers to the fixed price of 1997 during the implementation of the third plan of economic development, amounting to 58282869.6 Rials per hectare, and the lowest amount of support from producers related to the first economic development program, amounting to 3180782 Rials per hectare was obtained. The results support the consumers of this product show that the highest average consumer protection rate for the fixed price of 1993 was numerical value of 2315.5 Rials and the lowest numerical value is 86.1 Rials per year in 2000. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is suggested that better policies, such as cheaper facilities, cheaper alternative fuels, and lower farm inputs, will be replaced.