مطالعه کیفی تغییرات شایستگی اجتماعی دانش آموزان پس از همه گیری کووید-19 (نمونه مورد مطالعه: معلمان شهر مشهد)

هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی تغییرات شایستگی اجتماعی دانش آموزان پس‌از همه گیری کووید-19 براساس دیدگاه معلمان بود. پژوهش در چهارچوب رویکرد کیفی و با استفاده از روش پساپدیدارشناسی انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش تمامی معلمان شهر مشهد بودند. روش نمونه گیری، هدفمند و از نوع نمونه همگون بود. تعداد 20 نفر از جامعه پژوهش در سال تحصیلی 1401-1400 مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند که این تعداد براساس اشباع نظری داده، تعیین گردید. برای حصول اطمینان از روایی پژوهش از راهبردهای بررسی به‌وسیله‌ اعضا و بررسی ازطریق اجماع پژوهشگران و به‌منظور تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل داده ها از تحلیل محتوای کیفی با روش کریپندورف استفاده گردید. بر مبنای نتایج، معلمان تغییرات شایستگی اجتماعی دانش آموزان را در پنج مضمون «مهارت های ارتباطی-اجتماعی»، «راهبردهای شناختی»، «مهارت های رفتاری»، «انگیزش» و «مدیریت هیجان ها» مطرح نمودند. شایستگی اجتماعی و مولفه‌های آن متغیری مهم و اساسی در تعلیم‌وتربیت به شمار می آید که انتظار می‌رود تغییرات آن در دوران پساکرونا مورد توجه قرار گیرد. در پژوهش حاضر این تغییرات در قالب پنج مضمون کلی مطرح گردید. کاربست و توجه به این تغییرات به افزایش آگاهی معلمان و مسئولان مدرسه از تغییرات این سازه مهم در دانش آموزان منجر شده و راه را برای برنامه ریزی و طراحی مداخلات موثر بر افزایش شایستگی های اجتماعی دانش آموزان هموارتر خواهد کرد.

a qualitative study on changes in students' social competence after the covid-19 pandemic (case study: teachers of mashhad)

introduction: the outbreak of covid-19 led to fundamental changes in all dimensions of personal and social life worldwide. countries closed schools, and education continued in virtual settings to control the spread of the disease. the absence of students from schools had adverse effects on their skill development as schools are places where children can enhance their social skills (tarkar, 2020). social isolation (ingram et al., 2021), loss of friendships, feelings of stress and anger (akdoğan & ergin, 2022) were among the other consequences of the covid-19 pandemic. these changes raised concerns among parents, teachers, school principals, and educational policymakers about a decline in students' social competence (çelik, 2021) for parents, teachers, school principals, and educational policymakers. furthermore, there has been a growing interest in the concept of social competence as an important determinant of students' mental health in recent years. therefore, investigating the physical, psychological, and behavioral changes in children and adolescents after the end of quarantine conditions is essential for a better evaluation of their mental health and for planning potential interventions.method: this study employed a qualitative type and was conducted with a post-phenomenological approach. the research population consisted of all teachers in mashhad during the academic year 2021-2022. the sampling method was purposive and homogeneous. ultimately, 20 teachers from the research population were selected as the sample, determined based on the theoretical saturation of the data.data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis with krippendorff's method (1980/2013). validity and reliability were ensured through 1) member checking, and 2) triangulation (researcher consensus). to ensure transferability, a comprehensive description of the participants and the methodology was provided so that users could determine whether there were sufficient similarities between the new conditions and those under which this study was conducted, allowing them to decide whether to generalize the results. efforts were made to increase confirmability by ensuring that the researchers' prior assumptions did not affect the results and the data were systematically coded.results: based on the analysis of the interviews, teachers indicated that changes in students' social competence encompassed areas such as social-communicational skills (110), cognitive strategies (105), behavioral skills (56), motivation (36), and emotion regulation (20).interpersonal communication emerged as a significant change in students after the covid-19 pandemic. teachers mentioned issues categorized as reduced interpersonal skills, non-compliance with class and school rules, reduced respectful relationships, diminished teamwork skills, and increased isolation. interviewees also reported that student interactions with classmates and parents increased after the covid-19 pandemic, which was classified under increased academic interactions.according to the participants, students' cognitive skills also changed after the covid-19 pandemic. during the post-pandemic period, students' knowledge and technology skills increased, along with improvements in self-regulation, self-awareness, adaptability, and appreciation for teachers. however, teachers, noted that learners exhibited inappropriate academic behavior, and lower critical thinking and creativity since the covid-19 pandemic.behavioral skills represented another outcome in this study. according to the interviewees, students tend to be more