بررسی نظرات نیومن دربارۀ علل اخراج احمد بن محمد بن خالد برقی از قم

نیومن در کتاب دورۀ شکل‌گیری تشیع دوازده‌امامی؛ گفتمان حدیثی میان قم و بغداد در ضمن مباحث خویش به بررسی موضوع اخراج برقی پرداخته و معتقد است این اقدام ریشه در باورهای مذهبی آن جامعه مبنی‌بر ظهور زودهنگام امام عصر(ع) در آینده‌ای نزدیک داشته و لذا عدم احساس نیاز به نگارش چنین تالیفاتی، آن‌هم ازطرف یکی از موالی خاندان اشعری را علت اصلی این تصمیم می‌داند و با ترسیم فضای بوم‌شناسی جامعۀ قم، استقبال از بازگشت برقی را پس از عدم تحقق باورهای اعتقادی جامعه و به‌تبع آن درک اهمیت کار برقی را، از دلایل نظریۀ خویش می‌داند. در این پژوهش به روش توصیفی‌تحلیلی و با استناد به شواهد تاریخی و روایات موجود درزمینۀ آگاهی‌بخشی مسئلۀ غیبت توسط معصومین(ع)، غیرعلمی بودن نظریۀ نیومن مشخص خواهد شد و درنتیجه می‌توان تفاوت‌های بین مبانی فکری، سیاسی و اقتصادی بین اشعری و برقی را زمینه‌ساز و از علل اصلی این قضیه دانست؛ عواملی که به‌زعم اشعری باعث بر هم زدن یکپارچگی جریان اعتقادی و سیاسی جامعۀ قم بوده که پس از فهم اشتباه خویش، برای جبران آن اقدام نموده است.

examining newman’s opinions about the reasons for the expulsion of aḥmad ibn muhammad ibn khālid barqī from qum

introductionconsidering the higher status of qum hadith school, its performance has always had a great impact on the views and behaviors of contemporary and later hadith scholars. one of these actions that occurred during a period of the qum school was the expulsion of a number of muḥaddiths on the accusation of ghuluww (exaggeration) or quoting from ḍu’afā (weaknesses), and it is important to investigate this issue because this move is important due to the existence of many traditions entered by the expelled people in the traditional collections and shi’a authenticity has brought consequences such as denial and doubt in accepting some concepts and content reached by these people throughout the history of hadith transmission, and caused orientalists including newman to research and express their opinion in this regard. therefore, scientific investigation and conclusion in this regard is necessary and important in the field of shia hadith research.materials and methodsmost of the shia muḥaddith scholars and rijalis have raised this point as the main reason related to the issue of his expulsion from qum, based on what najāshī said about aḥmad barqī regarding his characteristic of quoting the ḍu’afā and trusting the marāsīl. also, some people believe that some scientific, political and economic affiliations of aḥmad barqī to the currents opposed to the ash’ari government were the main reason for this action. newman also in his book, the formative period of twelver shi’ism; hadith as discourse between qum and baghdad, in addition to its discussions, examined this issue as a thought-provoking event in that era and considered the above words as a possibility and a weak reason in this regard. newman considers the ignorance of the nascent shiite community of qum at that time about the issue of the absence of the ’asr imam (as) and their religious beliefs regarding the early appearance of the absent imam (as) while he is still a young person, the basis for the non-acceptance and non-acceptability of aḥmad barqī’s work and, accordingly, aḥmad ash’ari’s action in expelling him from qum.