بررسی نقش نانو سیلیکون و نانو تیتانیوم در عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم دوروم

برای بررسی تاثیر نانو ذرات دی‌اکسید سیلیکون و تیتانیوم بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم دوروم، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی، طی سال زراعی 99-98 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مغان انجام شد. این پژوهش جهت بررسی تاثیر نانو دی اکسید سیلیکون (nsio2) و نانو دی اکسید تیتانیوم (ntio2) بر ارقام و ژنوتیپ‌های پیشرفته گندم دوروم اجرا شد.محلول‌پاشی نانو‌ذرات در طی سه مرحله شامل اواخر مراحل رویشی قبل از ورود به مرحله پنجه‌دهی، اوایل به ساقه رفتن و اوایل مرحله سنبله‌دهی انجام شد. بعد از رسیدگی فیزیولوژیکی، تعداد 10 بوته از هر کرت به صورت تصادفی انتخاب و صفات عملکردی گیاه بررسی شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد بین ژنوتیپ‌ها از نظر همه صفت مورد بررسی اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود دارد. اثر محلول‌پاشی با نانو‌ذرات بر اکثر صفات ازجمله طول بوته، طول پدانکل، طول سنبله، تعداد و وزن دانه در سنبله، وزن کاه و عملکرد دانه در بوته از نظر آماری معنی‌دار بود. همچنین نتایج نشان دادند ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی پاسخ‌های متفاوتی در مقابل تیمارهای مختلف محلول‌پاشی از خود نشان می‌دهند. محلول‌پاشی با ntio2 در مجموع ژنوتیپ‌ها بیشترین عملکرد بوته را نشان داد. در حالی‌که تفاوت معنی‌داری بین محلول‌پاشی با نانو‌سیلیکون و شاهد در عملکرد مشاهده نشد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد nsio2 و ntio2 تاثیر مثبتی در صفات طول بوته، طول خوشه، تعداد و وزن دانه در خوشه، وزن صد دانه، وزن کاه و عملکرد دانه در بوته در اکثر ژنوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی گندم دوروم داشته‌اند.

study of the role of nano-silicon and nano-titanium in yield and yield components of durum wheat

this study examined the effects of silicon dioxide (sio₂) and titanium dioxide (tio₂) nanoparticles on durum wheat’s yield and yield components. a factorial experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design at the moghan faculty of agriculture and natural resources during the 2019-20 crop season, focusing on cultivars and advanced durum wheat genotypes. foliar application of nanoparticles was performed at three growth stages: late vegetative, early shooting, and early spike. upon physiological maturity, 10 plants were randomly selected from each plot, and yield-related traits were recorded. analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences in all studied traits. the foliar application of nanoparticles significantly influenced most traits, including plant height, peduncle length, spike length, grain number and weight per spike, straw weight, and grain yield per plant. additionally, genotypes exhibited varying responses to different foliar treatments. notably, the nano titanium dioxide (ntio₂) application resulted in the highest overall plant yield, whereas nano silicon dioxide (nsio₂) showed no significant yield difference compared to the control. the findings demonstrate that nanoparticle treatments positively affected key traits such as plant height, panicle length, grain number and weight per panicle, hundred-grain weight, straw weight, and grain yield per plant in most durum wheat genotypes studied.introductiondurum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) has always been crucial in people’s nutrition in bread and pasta production. durum wheat is a widely cultivated cereal crop in the mediterranean basin and the tenth most cultivated species worldwide. despite its low cultivation area, durum wheat holds significant economic importance, and estimates by the united nations and fao indicate that global demand for this product will increase by 2050. several factors affect plants’ growth and development, including chemical fertilizers’ impact on increasing food production. silicon (si), the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust, has beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of various plant species under different environmental conditions.  reducing silicon in the soil is more significant for plants that do not have an efficient system for root absorption. titanium has also been shown to stimulate plant growth, improve nutrient absorption, and enhance the quality and biomass of agricultural products. titanium is also a helpful element and promotes the growth and development of agricultural products. the use of nanoparticles, such as silicon dioxide (nsio2) and titanium dioxide (ntio2), is emerging as a method to improve crop yield and sustainability. nanoparticles can enhance plant physiological processes, improve chlorophyll levels, and reduce heavy metal toxicity. with the rise of nanotechnology, examining the effects of nanoparticles such as nsio₂ and ntio₂ on the yield of durum wheat is essential. in this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of these two nanoparticles on the growth and development of durum wheat. materials and methodsto study the effect of sio2 and tio2 nanoparticles on yield components of durum wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design at the moghan faculty of agriculture and natural resources during the 2019-20 crop season. in this study, two improved varieties and 16 advanced durum wheat genotypes introduced by the international center for agricultural research in the dry areas (icarda) and the international maize and wheat improvement center (cimmyt) served as the first experimental factor. foliar application of nanoparticles at three levels (titanium, silicon, and control) was used as the second factor. each experimental plot measured 3 meters long, with a row spacing of 20 cm and a planting density of 400 plants per square meter. foliar spraying of nanoparticles was applied at three growth stages: late vegetative, early shooting, and early spike stages. after physiological maturity, 10 plants per plot were randomly selected, and their yield and other related traits were recorded. results and discussionanalysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes for all studied traits. the effect of spraying with silicon and titanium nanoparticles was also substantial on most traits such as plant length, peduncle length, spike length, number and weight of grain per spike, straw weight, and grain yield per plant. also, the results showed that the genotypes showed different responses to treatments of foliar spraying application. genotypes g2, g3, and g13 exhibited the highest grain weight per plant. overall, the ntio2 application showed the highest yield per plant compared to control and nsio2. however, no significant difference was observed between spraying with nsio2 and control in grain yield. the results show that nanoparticles were effective in enhancing the vegetative growth of most genotypes and positively affected plant length, panicle length, grain number and weight per spike, seed weight, straw weight, and grain yield per plant in most of the studied durum wheat genotypes. conclusionthe results showed that the nanoparticles were able to increase the vegetative growth of most of the genotypes and had a positive effect on the traits of plant length, panicle length, number, grain weight per panicle, 100 seed weight, straw weight, and grain yield per plant in most of the studied genotypes. however, the response of the genotypes to the applied nanoparticles was somewhat different. this study’s findings indicate that applying nsio₂ and ntio₂ nanoparticles in semi-arid regions can improve grain yield and serve as promising nano-fertilizers for durum wheat cultivation.