بررسی فلوریستیک کوه قراولخانۀ اسد‌آباد در استان همدان، ایران

آشنایی با رستنی‌های یک منطقه گام نخست در برنامه‌ریزی توسعه‌ای است و جمع‌آوری، حفظ و نگهداری گیاهان با کاربری داروئی، صنعتی، علوفه‌ای و خوراکی، منابع با ارزشی را فراهم می‌سازد. کوه قراولخانه با مساحت حدود 1650 هکتار، در غرب استان همدان واقع شده است. حداکثر ارتفاع کوه قراولخانه از سطح دریا 2648 متر است. در پژوهش حاضر، نمونه‌های گیاهی منطقه بر اساس روش مرسوم مطالعات تاکسونومیک، جمع‌آوری و با به کارگیری منابع لازم شناسایی شدند. گیاهان انحصاری، جایگاه حفاظتی آن‌ها و شکل زیستی گیاهان منطقه مشخص و طیف زیستی آنها ترسیم گردید. بر اساس اطلاعات به‌دست آمده از پراکنش جغرافیایی گونه‌های شناسایی شده، درصد عناصر رویشی منطقه‌ای تعیین شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد در این منطقه 45 تیره، 172 جنس و 255 گونه گیاهی وجود دارند که از این تعداد، 23 گونه، انحصاری ایران هستند. تیره asteraceae  با 30 جنس و 41 گونه بیشترین تنوع را دارد. از لحاظ شکل زیستی، گیاهان کوه قراولخانه به ترتیب شامل همی‌کریپتوفیت‌ها با 126 گونه (49.21%) و تروفیت‌ها با 61 گونه (24.21%) دارای بیشترین فراوانی هستند و سپس کریپتوفیت‌ها با 31 گونه (12.1%)، کامفیت‌ها با 29 گونه (11.32%)، فانروفیت‌ها با 7 گونه (2.73%) و هلوفیت‌ها با 1گونه (0.39%) در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار دارند. عنصر رویشی ایرانی- تورانی با 55.46 درصد، بیشترین سهم را در کورولوژی گیاهان منطقه دارد.

floristic survey of qaravolkhaneh mountain in asadabad of hamedan province, iran

acquaintance with the plants of a region is the first step in development planning, and collecting, preserving, and maintaining plants with medicinal, industrial, fodder, and food uses provides valuable resources. qaravolkhaneh mountain, with an area of about 1650 hectares, is located west of hamedan province. the highest altitude of qaravolkhaneh mountain is 2648 meters above sea level. in this research, the plant samples of the region were collected based on the conventional method of taxonomic studies and were identified according to necessary references. endemic plants of iran, their conservation status, and the life forms of the plants were determined, and their biological spectrum was drawn. the percentage of regional vegetative elements was determined based on the available information on the geographical distribution of the identified plant species. results showed that there are 45 families, 172 genera, and 255 plant species in this area, of which 23 are endemic to iran. asteraceae has the most diversity, with 30 genera and 41 species. the plants of qaravolkhaneh mountain in terms of life forms, include hemicryptophytes with 126 species (49.21%) and therophytes with 61 species (24.21%) respectively, followed by cryptophytes with 31 species (12.1%), chamaephytes with 29 species (11.32%), phanerophytes with seven species (2.73%) and helophytes with one species (0.39%) are in the following ranks. irano-turanian vegetative element with 55.46% has the largest share in the chorology of plants in the region. introductionthe diverse roles and applications of plants in human life make the need to study and know the flora of each region inevitable for macro-planning. identification of plants in each region is, on the one hand, an indication of the natural power of that region. on the other hand, it is essential for research, especially in applied sciences (dolatkhahi et al., 2011). the purpose of this research is to provide basic floristic information to identify the plant species in asadabad qaravolkhaneh mountain (hamedan province) and recognize their potential. in this way, it is possible to carry out appropriate management plans to preserve its habitats. without having information about the composition of the plants of this region, it is impossible to provide primary and correct solutions for the protection of its plant genetic reserves and to carry out detailed and conscious planning to preserve, revive, and expand them. materials & methodsqaravolkhane mountain is located at the coordinates of 34° 48’ 36.87” n, 48° 11’ 59.66’’ e, in the east of asadabad, about 5 km from asadabad-hamedan road (on the right side of asadabad pass) and between almabolagh and karkasin mountains and it’s altitude is 2648 meters above sea level.the method used to collect plants, prepare herbarium samples, and identify plant samples in this research was the conventional method of taxonomic studies. original specimens are deposited in the herbarium of hamedan agricultural and natural resources research and education center. herbarium specimens were identified and named according to flora of iran (asadi et al., 2021-1988), the flora iranica (rechinger, 2015-1963), the flora of iraq (townsend et al., 1985-1966), the flora of turkey (davis, 1985-1965) and palestine flora (zohary, 1986-1966). the plant classification was based on the fourth edition of angiosperm phylogeny group [apg iv: angiosperm phylogeny group] (chase et al., 2016). correct spelling of scientific names by referring to the website of the international list of plant names (https://www.ipni.org) and their synonymy using the website plants of the world online (powo, 2023) was investigated. raunkiaer’s classification system (raunkiaer, 1934) was used to classify plant life forms. in order to determine the regional vegetative elements of each plant array, from monographs, reviews, and distribution information in flora books such as flora iranica (rechinger, 1963-2015), flora of iran (asadi et al., 1988-2021), flora of turkey (davis, 1985-1965) and the flora of iraq (townsend et al., 1985-1966) were used. based on the available sources about the medicinal plants of hamedan province (kalvandi et al., 2007), plants with medicinal or industrial value were identified in the list of plants of the region. using the red list of iranian plant species (jalili & jamzad, 1999), the conservation classes of endemic iranian plants distributed in the region were determined based on the international union for conservation of nature (iucn) classification. research findingsaccording to this study, a total of 255 taxa of vascular plants (including 35 monocots and 220 dicots) belonging to 45 families (including nine monocots and 36 dicots), 172 genera (including 24 monocots and 148 dicots) are present in qaravolkhaneh mountain. asteraceae with 30 genera and 41 species, lamiaceae with 13 genera and 29 species, poaceae with 16 genera and 23 species, fabaceae with nine genera and 22 species, brassicaceae with 13 genera and 15 species, caryophyllaceae with nine genera and 15 species, apiaceae with ten genera and ten species was the most prominent families in terms of the number of species. our results show that hemicryptophytes with 126 species (49.01 percent) and then therophytes with 61 species (24.31 percent) are the most abundant, followed by cryptophytes with 31 species (12.15 percent), chamaephytes with 29 species (11.37 percent), phanerophytes with seven species (2.74 percent) and halophytes with one species (0.39 percent) are in the following ranks. 55.46 percent of the plants of the qaravolkhaneh mountain belong to elements of the iranian-turanian region, 1.17% belong