تاثیر ورمی‌کمپوست و متانول بر روند تغییرات اجزای فلورسانس کلروفیل و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی تریتیکاله تحت تاثیرتنش شوری

به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر شوری، ورمی‌کمپوست و متانول بر چگونگی تغییرات اجزای فلورسانس کلروفیل و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی تریتیکاله، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1401 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل شوری در سه سطح (عدم اعمال شوری به‌عنوان شاهد، شوری 50 و 100 میلی­مولار با نمک کلریدسدیم)، کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست در دو سطح (بدون ورمی‌کمپوست به‌عنوان شاهد و کاربرد ورمی­کمپوست) و محلول‌پاشی متانول در سه سطح (محلول‌پاشی با آب ب‌عنوان شاهد و محلول‌پاشی 15 و 30 درصد حجمی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین سطح شوری (100 میلی‌مولار) و کاربرد توام ورمی­کمپوست و متانول 30 درصد حجمی شاخص کلروفیل (27%)، شاخص نیتروژن (5/20%)، هدایت روزنه‌ای (9/38%)، محتوای نسبی آب (7/26%)، فلورسانس بیشینه (6/27%)، فلورسانس متغیر (7/70%) و عملکرد کوانتومی (8/33%) را در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و متانول در همین سطح از شوری افزایش داد. همچنین، بیشترین عملکرد دانه در اثر کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و متانول 30 درصد حجمی در شرایط عدم اعمال تنش (4/5 گرم در بوته) بدست آمد. براساس نتایج این بررسی به نظر می‌رسد که کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و متانول می‌تواند برای تعدیل تاثیرات سوء ناشی از تنش شوری به علّت بهبود اجزای فلورسانس کلروفیل و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی تریتیکاله مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

the effects of vermicompost and methanol on the trend of changes of chlorophyll fluorescence components and some physiological traits of triticale under salinity stress

in order to investigate the effects of salinity, vermicompost, and methanol on the trend of changes of chlorophyll fluorescence components and some physiological traits of triticale, this experimental study was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in greenhouse research of the faculty of agriculture and natural resources, university of mohaghegh ardabili in 2022. factors experiments included salinity in three levels (no salinity as control, salinity 50 and 100 mm by nacl), application of vermicompost at two levels (without vermicompost as control and application of vermicompost), and methanol foliar application in three levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application 15 and 30% volume). the results showed that the highest salinity level (100 mm) and both vermicompost and foliar application of 30% volume of methanol increased chlorophyll index (27%), nitrogen index (20.5%), stomatal conductance (38.9%), relative water content (26.7%), maximum fluorescence (27.6%), variable fluorescence (70.7%), and quantum yield (33.8%) compared to no application of vermicompost and methanol under the same of salinity level. in addition, the highest grain yield (5.4 g per plant) was obtained due to the application of vermicompost and methanol 30% volume under no-stress conditions. based on the results of this study, it seems that the application of vermicompost and methanol can be used to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress due to the improvement of chlorophyll fluorescence components and some physiological traits in triticale. introductiontriticale is a human-made crop, being a hybrid by cross-fertilization of wheat (triticum spp.) and rye (secale spp.). this plant can act as a soil improver, as its extensive root system binds erosion-prone soil and provides a good substrate for conversion into subsoil organic carbon by soil microbes. salinity stress is one of the most destructive environmental stresses, which affects almost every aspect of the physiology and biochemistry of a plant, resulting in a reduction in its yield. on the other hand, salinity can damage the photosynthesis of plants and decrease chlorophyll content, relative water content, stomata conductance, and quantum yield. several strategies have been suggested in order to improve yield under environmental stresses in plants, among them the application of methanol and vermicompost play a key role in yield improvement. methanol can increase the concentration of co2 in a plant and help photosynthesis rate and vermicompost increase growth due to access to nutrients under salinity stress. a better understanding of physiological responses under salinity stress may help in programs in which the objective is to improve the salinity resistance of crops. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methanol and vermicompost on some physiological and biochemical (i.e., chlorophyll index, electrical conductivity, quantum yield, stomata conduction, and relative water content) responses of triticale under salinity stress. materials and methodsthe experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in greenhouse research of the faculty of agriculture and natural resources, university of mohaghegh ardabili in 2022. factors experiments included salinity in three levels (no salinity as control, salinity 50 and 100 mm by nacl), application of vermicompost at two levels (without vermicompost as control and application of vermicompost), and methanol foliar application in three levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application 15 and 30% volume). vermicompost was purchased from the gilda corporation and soils were treated based on the manufacturer’s protocol. the triticale cultivar &sanabad& was used in the experiment with a plant density of 400 seeds m-2. in this study, chlorophyll index, nitrogen index, stomatal conductance, ec, rwc, maximum fluorescence, variable fluorescence, quantum yield, and grain yield were investigated. stomatal conductance was measured by prometer (decagon devices, inc.) and chlorophyll index was measured using a chlorophyll meter (spad-502 minolta, japan). electrical conductivity (ec) is measured using an electrical-conductivity meter (mi 180 bench meter model). the quantum yield was measured by the uppermost fool expanded leaf using a fluorometer (chlorophyll fluorometer; optic science-os-30 usa). the relative water content was measured according to the following formula: where, rwc, fw, dw, and tw are relative water content, fresh weight, dry weight, and turgid weight, respectively. at plant maturity, grain yield in each pot was harvested by five plants per pot. analysis of variance and mean comparisons were performed using sas9.4 computer software packages. the main effects and interactions were tested using the least significant difference (lsd) test at the 0.05 probability level. results and discussionthe results showed that the highest salinity level (100 mm) and both vermicompost and foliar application of 30% volume of methanol increased chlorophyll index (27%), nitrogen index (20.5%), stomatal conductance (38.9%), relative water content (26.7%), maximum fluorescence (27.6%), variable fluorescence (70.7%), and quantum yield (33.8%) compared to no application of vermicompost and methanol under the same of salinity level. moreover, the highest grain yield (5.4 g per plant) was obtained due to the application of vermicompost and methanol 30% volume under no-stress conditions.  conclusionbased on the results of the present study, it seems that the application of vermicompost and methanol can be used to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress due to the improvement of chlorophyll fluorescence components and some physiological traits in triticale.