ویژگی‌ها و عملکرد فرمانروای آرمانی در اندیشۀ فارابی و فردوسی

یکی از مهم‌ترین مساله‌ها در بررسی اندیشۀ سیاسی در متون فلسفی و ادبی این است که چه کسی با چه ویژگی‌هایی و چگونه باید حکومت کند. پاسخ به این پرسش، بخش مهمّی از آثار فلسفی و ادبی قدیم را که در حوزۀ اندیشۀ سیاسی مهم‌اند، در بر می‌گیرد. در این مقاله نیز ابتدا به بررسی ویژگی‌ها و عملکرد رئیس اوّل در مدینۀ فاضلۀ فارابی پرداخته‌ایم و سپس ویژگی‌ها و عملکرد شاه آرمانی در شاهنامۀ فردوسی را بررسی کرده‌ایم و درنهایت تفاوت‌ها و شباهت‌های این دو را نشان داده‌ایم. فارابی و فردوسی هر دو با درک بحران‌های سیاسی زمانۀ خویش، فرمانروایی آرمانی مدّ نظر خود را، یکی به‌ زبان فلسفۀ سیاسی و دیگری در قالب حماسۀ ملّی ایران، توصیف کرده‌اند که توصیف‌های آن‌ها در بیشتر موارد مشترک و نشان‌دهندۀ آرمان شاهی ایرانی در قرن چهارم هجری است.

characteristics and function of the ideal prince in farabi and ferdowsi’s thought

extended abstractintroductiona large part of ferdowsi’s shahnameh is about the kings of ancient iran, and its central idea can also be clearly considered political.  if we compare ferdowsi’s political philosophy in shahnameh with that of iranian thinkers, farabi will be the best one. because of his philosophy about utopia, farabi is a pioneer. formulating his theory, he had been influenced by plato and aristotle’s philosophy, islamic and shiite theories, as well as the political thoughts of ancient iran. however, what farabi wrote about politics is &political philosophy& and what we found about politics in shahnameh is &political thought& and as the word &thought& contains philosophy and beliefs, in this paper, the expression &political thought& also includes farabi’s political philosophy as well as shahnameh’s political views. it is because the political discussions talked more about the &king& and what attributes he should have and how he should govern in the ancient texts.theoretical framework and methodthis paper uses a comparative approach that discusses literature, including philosophy, in relation to other fields in the arts and humanities. with this method, in a specific subject, the similarities and differences between the two texts can be shown and explained, without proving to be a direct influence on one another. the utopia of farabi and ferdowsi’s shahnameh are two historical products, and the study of political thinking in them will recreate a portion of the history of iranian thought and complete our interpretation of it.the periods in which farabi (259 / 259-339 ah) and ferdowsi (329-411 / 416 ah) were living coincided with the ruling over iran by tazi and turkish aliens. the starting point for theorizing on politics by them was to observe political crises. farabi and ferdowsi’s strategic thinking were both formulated by witnessing the government’s problem and attempting to offer a solution to it. the questions will be answered in this article: what are the qualities of an ideal ruler in the utopia of farabi and ferdowsi shahnameh, and how does he govern?to address these questions, the characteristics and functions of the first ruler of the farabi’s utopia (madine-ye fazele) are first taken from the works comprising his political thought and then the characteristics and functions of shahe armani in ferdowsi’s shahnameh are drawn from the tales of the iranian national epics and ferdowsi’s speeches, articulated and ultimately compared with each other, and their similarities and differences are historically studied and analyzed.review of literaturethere is no case that has comparatively studied the characteristics and performance of the first president in the utopia of farabi and shah armani in ferdowsi’s shahnameh, among the studies that have been performed so far and are somehow relevant to the subject of this article; however, several studies have been undertaken whose authors have separately analyzed farabi’s political thought and ferdowsi.