ارزیابی کیفیت بتا کاروتن استخراج‌شده از آزولا فیلیکوئیدس(azolla filiculoides) تالاب انزلی به روش هیدرولیز قلیایی در فصل زمستان

زمینه مطالعاتی: بتاکاروتن پیش‌نیاز ویتامین a و از افزودنی‌های غذایی است. بتا کاروتن در صنعت از طریق سنتز شیمیایی از βionone تهیه می شود. این رنگ از ترکیبات سنتتیک هست، که می تواند به آسانی از طریق مواد غذایی به مصرف کنندگان منتقل شود. بنابراین تحقیق در زمینه تهیه رنگ‌های طبیعی برای کاربرد در صنعت غذایی از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. هدف: این پروژه باهدف تعیین مقدار، کیفیت، درصد خلوص بتا کاروتن استخراج‌شده از آزولای تالاب انزلی در فصل زمستان و مقایسه آن با نوع سنتتیک انجام شد. روش‌ها : برای اجرای این پروژه یک تیمار شامل بتا کاروتن استخراج‌شده به روش هیدرولیز قلیایی از آزولای تالاب انزلی در فصل زمستان سال 1393در نظر گرفته شد. تیمارها به مدت یک سال در دمای پنج درجه سلسیوس نگهداری شدند. از بتا کاروتن سنتتیک به‌عنوان شاهد استفاده شد. کیفیت تیمارها با استفاده از آزمایش‌های شیمیایی شامل تعیین مقدار و کیفیت بتا کاروتن، رنگ سنجی (هانترلپ)، درصد خلوص و ویتامین a به‌وسیله hplc ، زمان ماندگاری و حلالیت بتا کاروتن طبیعی بررسی شد. نتایج: در نتایج آزمایش‌های شامل درصد خلوص، غلظت، رنگ سنجی، ترکیبات ویتامینه، حلالیت و ‌زمان ماندگاری در بتا کاروتن آزمایشی در مقایسه با شاهد تفاوت معنی‌دار مشاهده نشد(p>0.05). طی ‌زمان ماندگاری این فاکتورها در تیمارهای آزمایشی و شاهد تفاوت معنی‌دار نشان ندادند(p>0.05). بتا کاروتن طبیعی طی زمان نگهداری به مدت یک سال در دمای 5 درجه سلسیوس از کیفیت مطلوبی برخوردار بود. نتیجه گیری نهایی: با توجه به عدم وجود تفاوت معنی‌دار بین بتا کاروتن استخراج‌شده از آزولا در مقایسه با نوع سنتتیک از حیث آزمایش‌های شیمیایی، خلوص، زمان ماندگاری و ارجحیت بتا کاروتن طبیعی استخراج‌شده از آزولا در مقایسه با نوع سنتتیک از حیث بهداشت مواد غذایی می‌توان کاربرد بتا کاروتن طبیعی تهیه‌شده از آزولا را به‌جای بتا کاروتن سنتتیک در صنعت غذایی پیشنهاد کرد.

The evaluation of the quality of betacarotene derived from Azolla Filiculoides in theAnzali Wetland using the alkaline hydrolysis method in winter

Background: Azolla is certainly a valuable laboratory plant that will thrive with very little care. The use of Azolla may be an important factor in the world’s future food needs. Azolla is unique because it is one of the fastest growing plants on the planet – yet it does not need any soil to grow. Azolla is a small floating fern and is the only known pteridophyte that lives in symbiosis with a diazotrophic cyanobacterium. Azolla spp. are heterosporous freefloating freshwater ferns that live symbiotically with Anabaena Azollae, a nitrogenfixing bluegreen algae. There are six species of Azolla in the world. Azolla is a genus of aquatic ferns in the family Salviniaceae. The genus Azolla belongs to the single genus family Azollaceae. Azolla filiculoides is a species of Azolla. Azolla filiculoides is under the subgenus Euazolla. It is native to warm temperate and tropical regions as well as most of the old world including Asia, Australia and Anzali wetland. This plant is dark green to reddish and float on the water surface, either individually or in mats, which can reach a thickness of up to 20 cm. When A. filiculoides plants are exposed to strong sunlight they obtain a red color. The same occurs in winter time. In shade they always remain green. A. filiculoides settles in ponds, ditches, water reservoirs, wetlands, channels and slow flowing rivers. A. filiculoides is very rich in protein, fat, ash and carotenoids. The chemical composition of Azolla species varies with ecotypes and with the ecological conditions and the phase of growth. The dry matter percentage of different Azolla species varies widely. Lysine and methionine contents in this species are moderate. But, essential amino acids in this species are poor. Carotenoids are the most common pigments in nature and are synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms. Carotenoids are considered key molecules for life. Biological properties of carotenoids allow for a wide range of commercial applications. Indeed, recent interest in the carotenoids has been mainly for their nutraceutical properties. Carotenoids as natural pigments, are used by the industry as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and animal feed additives, as well as colorants in cosmetics and special foods. Carotenoids have been studied for their ability to prevent chronic disease due to the free radical theory of aging in chronic disease etiology. The effect of carotenoids on biotechnology and the food industry is significantly attributed. Finally, carotenoids as fortified substances in foods and special aspects about carotenoids as health promoters are well presented along with a glance of carotenoids economics. βcarotene is one of the carotenoids. βcarotene is the main source of provitamin A and is widely used as a food colorant. The majority of the βcarotene commercialized in the world is obtained by chemical synthesis from βionone. Therefore, research for the production of natural colors for use in food industry has particular importance. Aim: The present project was aimed at determining the content, quality, and purity of βcarotene extracted from Azolla filiculoides in the Anzali Wetland, comparing it with synthetic βcarotene, and measuring its economic value. Methods: One treatment had βcarotene derived from Azolla filiculoides in the Anzali Wetland through the alkaline hydrolysis method in the winter of 2014. Treatments were kept at 4 °C for one year. Synthetic βcarotene was used as the control. The quality of the treatments was assessed by applying some chemical tests, including the measurement of the content and quality of βcarotene, calorimetry using the HunterLAB method, determination of the purity and vitamin A employing highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), estimation of the dwelltime duration at 5 °C, and measurement of the solubility of βcarotene in water. Results: The results of the tests regarding the purity, concentration, calorimetry, vitamin compounds, dwell time, and solubility in the experimental βcarotene, compared with those in the control, revealed no significant difference (p>0.05). Moreover, the factors showed no significant difference between the control and experimental treatments during the dwell time (p>0.05). The natural βcarotene had a good quality during the storage period at 5 °C for one year. Conclusion: Since there was no significant difference between the βcarotene derived from Azolla filiculoides and the synthetic one in terms of the chemical tests, purity, and dwell time, and since the natural β carotene derived from Azolla filiculoides takes precedence over the synthetic one in terms of the food hygiene, it is recommended that natural βcarotene extracted from Azolla filiculoides be substituted for synthetic βcarotene in the food industry.