effects of sumac fruit (rhus coriaria) powder on laying performance and stored egg quality traits under different storage conditions

Introduction: natural sources of antioxidants have been gained an intense interest in poultry nutrition studies due to their potential impacts on birds’ performance, blood parameters, and immunesystem (peschel et al., 2006). these beneficial impacts, which have mainly been addressed to the improvements in the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract and nutrients digestion, areattributed to the bioactive compounds found in herbal plants (simitzis et al., 2008). sumac (rhuscoriaria) which belongs to the anacardiaceae family is an herbal plant that contains a vast range ofbeneficial compounds, including myricetin, phenolic acids, quercetin, l-ascorbic acid, benzoic acid,gallic acid, and other organic acids (kheiri et al., 2015, özcan and haciseferogullari, 2004). also,sumac fruit has also been reported to contain high fiber (14.6%, fresh content) (ozcan andhaciseferogullari, 2004) and fat (18.74% dry matter (dm)) accompanied by low levels of crudeprotein (4.69% dm) and ash (2.93%) (raodah et al., 2014). the internal quality of an egg, the mostpotential, safe, and accessible source of protein worldwide, losses over the storage time. thus, it isassumed that sumac fruit powder (sfp) may help to improve egg quality for long storage duration.it has been proven that storing eggs at high ambient temperature reduces their internal quality byaccelerating co2 emission through the eggshell (chukwuka et al. 2011). moreover, it has been shownthat the co2 emission increases the albumin ph significantly, which subsequently decreases theinternal quality traits of the egg by weakening the protein bonds between lysozyme and ovomucin(ahn et al. 1999). the effects of non-herbal antioxidants and, in some cases, the inorganicantioxidants, such as selenium, on these parameters have been well studied. however, there arelimited studies that have investigated the effects of herbal antioxidants, especially sumac fruitpowder. material and methods: one hundred-twenty laying hens (hy-line w-36), 53 weeks of age, weredistributed in three experimental groups with five replicates, and eight birds per replicate with similarbody weights (1394 ± 42g) by employing a completely randomized design. corn-soybean meal-baseddiets were formulated according to hy-line w-36 nutritional management guide (2020) and fed foreight weeks. experimental diets included a) zero sumac (control), b) 0.25% sumac, and c) 0.5% sumac supplemented treatments. performance parameters, including egg yield, egg weight, egg mass, feedconversion ratio, and feed intake, were recorded throughout the experiment. egg quality traits wereevaluated in two experiments (the first phase, at the end of the experiment, and the second phase,after being stored in different conditions). in the first experiment, internal and external quality traits,were evaluated after storing the eggs under different conditions. total phenolic compounds weremeasured using gallic acid as the standard by a spectrophotometer (model m501; unicosh co, china)in a wavelength of 765 nm light absorbance as described by (golzadeh et al., 2012). total phenoliccompounds were determined using collected supernatants in the colorimetric method by sodiumcarbonate (na2co3) 20% in folin-ciocalteau reagent (merck co. germany) and measuringwavelength absorbance at 720 nm. the results showed that sfp used in the present study contained45.61 mg/g total phenolic compounds. the data obtained at the present study were statisticallyanalyzed using glm proc of sas software ver. 9.2 (sas, 2009). the significance of thedifferences among means were also determined by tukey test, where the p-values below 0.05 were considered as significant. a completely randomized design one, and a 3×2×2 factorial arrangements was used for experiment one and two, respectively.

effects of sumac fruit (rhus coriaria) powder on laying performance and stored egg quality traits under different storage conditions

introduction: natural sources of antioxidants have been gained an intense interest in poultry nutrition studies due to their potential impacts on birds’ performance, blood parameters, and immunesystem (peschel et al., 2006). these beneficial impacts, which have mainly been addressed to the improvements in the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract and nutrients digestion, areattributed to the bioactive compounds found in herbal plants (simitzis et al., 2008). sumac (rhuscoriaria) which belongs to the anacardiaceae family is an herbal plant that contains a vast range ofbeneficial compounds, including myricetin, phenolic acids, quercetin, l-ascorbic acid, benzoic acid,gallic acid, and other organic acids (kheiri et al., 2015, özcan and haciseferogullari, 2004). also,sumac fruit has also been reported to contain high fiber (14.6%, fresh content) (ozcan andhaciseferogullari, 2004) and fat (18.74% dry matter (dm)) accompanied by low levels of crudeprotein (4.69% dm) and ash (2.93%) (raodah et al., 2014). the internal quality of an egg, the mostpotential, safe, and accessible source of protein worldwide, losses over the storage time. thus, it isassumed that sumac fruit powder (sfp) may help to improve egg quality for long storage duration.it has been proven that storing eggs at high ambient temperature reduces their internal quality byaccelerating co2 emission through the eggshell (chukwuka et al. 2011). moreover, it has been shownthat the co2 emission increases the albumin ph significantly, which subsequently decreases theinternal quality traits of the egg by weakening the protein bonds between lysozyme and ovomucin(ahn et al. 1999). the effects of non-herbal antioxidants and, in some cases, the inorganicantioxidants, such as selenium, on these parameters have been well studied. however, there arelimited studies that have investigated the effects of herbal antioxidants, especially sumac fruitpowder. material and methods: one hundred-twenty laying hens (hy-line w-36), 53 weeks of age, weredistributed in three experimental groups with five replicates, and eight birds per replicate with similarbody weights (1394 ± 42g) by employing a completely randomized design. corn-soybean meal-baseddiets were formulated according to hy-line w-36 nutritional management guide (2020) and fed foreight weeks. experimental diets included a) zero sumac (control), b) 0.25% sumac, and c) 0.5% sumac supplemented treatments. performance parameters, including egg yield, egg weight, egg mass, feedconversion ratio, and feed intake, were recorded throughout the experiment. egg quality traits wereevaluated in two experiments (the first phase, at the end of the experiment, and the second phase,after being stored in different conditions). in the first experiment, internal and external quality traits,were evaluated after storing the eggs under different conditions. total phenolic compounds weremeasured using gallic acid as the standard by a spectrophotometer (model m501; unicosh co, china)in a wavelength of 765 nm light absorbance as described by (golzadeh et al., 2012). total phenoliccompounds were determined using collected supernatants in the colorimetric method by sodiumcarbonate (na2co3) 20% in folin-ciocalteau reagent (merck co. germany) and measuringwavelength absorbance at 720 nm. the results showed that sfp used in the present study contained45.61 mg/g total phenolic compounds. the data obtained at the present study were statisticallyanalyzed using glm proc of sas software ver. 9.2 (sas, 2009). the significance of thedifferences among means were also determined by tukey test, where the p-values below 0.05 were considered as significant. a completely randomized design one, and a 3×2×2 factorial arrangements was used for experiment one and two, respectively.