تاثیر جیره های حاوی سطوح مختلف دیواره سلولی مخمر بر عملکرد تولید، کیفیت پوسته تخم مرغ و ایمنی در مرغ های مادر گوشتی

زمینه مطالعاتی: دیواره سلولی مخمر بطور عمده از مانان الیگوساکارید و بتاگلوکان تشکیل شده است. هدف: این آزمایش به بررسی اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف دیواره مخمر بر عملکرد تولید، کیفیت پوسته تخم مرغ و ایمنی در مرغ های مادر گوشتی پرداخته است. روش کار: بدین منظور 100 قطعه مرغ مادر گوشتی و 25 قطعه خروس پدر گوشتی (سویه راس 308) 54 هفته تهیه و بطور تصادفی در 5 تیمار و 5 تکرار با 25 واحد آزمایشی (4 مرغ و یک خروس در هر واحد) توزیع شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1- تیمار شاهد (فاقد دیواره مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه) و تیمارهای 2 تا 5 به ترتیب حاوی 0.5، 1، 1.5 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم خوراک مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه بود. طول دوره آزمایش 12 هفته بود که به 3 دوره (سن 57-54، 61-58 و 65-62 هفته) تقسیم بندی شد. نتایج: تیمارهای آزمایشی اثرات معنی داری بر تغییرات وزن بدن و وزن تخم مرغ های تولیدی نداشتند. درصد تولید تخم مرغ در دوره اول، دوم و سوم آزمایش در تیمارهای دریافت کننده 1، 1.5 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم خوراک بطور معنی داری افزایش یافت. همچنین ضخامت و مقاومت پوسته تخم مرغ تحت تاثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. تعداد تخم مرغ های شکسته و بدفرم در گروه های تغذیه شده با 1، 1.5 و2 گرم در کیلوگرم دیواره مخمر سلولی بطور معنی داری کمتر از گروه شاهد بود. تیتر آنتی بادی مربوط به ویروس گامبرو نیز در گروه های دریافت کننده 1، 1.5 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود. نتیجه گیری نهایی: بطور کلی بهترین سطح استفاده از دیواره مخمر 1 گرم در کیلوگرم خوراک بود که در مرغ های مادر گوشتی اثرات مثبتی بر عملکرد و ایمنی مرغ های تخمگذار داشت.

the effect of diets containing different levels of yeast cell wall on production performance, eggshell quality and immune response in broiler breeder's

introduction: the use of growth-promoting antibiotic substitutes in commercial broiler farming is mainly due to the development of resistant bacteria. the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in mother hens may have important consequences, one of these effects being the reduction of the effect of antibiotics in the offspring whose parents received these antibiotics (mcdonald 1995, ghasemian and jahanian 2016). one of the proposed alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics are prebiotics, which include non-starch polysaccharides that are not digested in the digestive system, including fructo-oligosaccharides, galactoligosaccharides, beta-glucan, mannan oligosaccharides, etc. the main components of the yeast wall are beta-glucans and mannan oligosaccharides. which are of special importance in feeding broiler breeders because it not only changes the intestinal microflora for the benefit of the animal, but also has properties to modulate the immune system (arsi et al. 2015). the use of cell wall yeast promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria throughout the digestive tract. among the different probiotic species, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria use the yeast cell wall the most and grow the most when it is used (liu et al. 2018) and also have a greater contribution to poultry health (baurhoo 2007b). increasing the number of useful cells in the intestine reduces the number of harmful bacteria. on the other hand, the mannan present in the yeast cell wall reduces the binding of gram-negative bacterial pathogens such as salmonella and e-coli to the intestinal epithelial cells by binding type one fimbriae. bacteria colonize the intestine without attachment and colonization, and it is directly related to the strengthening of the animal's immune system (baurhoo 2007b). it has also been reported that the mannan fraction present in the yeast cell wall has anti-adhesion activity against campylobacter jejuni (ramirez-hernandez et al., 2015; corrigan et al., 2017).materials and methods: in order to investigate the effect of different cell wall yeast levels of saccharomyces cerevisiae in feeding broiler breeders, cell wall yeast product was prepared from chitika company. for this purpose, 100 broiler breeder and 25 broiler roosters (ross 308) 54 week olds were prepared and randomly distributed in 5 treatments and 5 replications with 25 experimental units (4 broiler breeder and one rooster in each unit). the experimental treatments included 1- the control treatment (without saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall) and treatments 2 to 5 containing 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg of saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell wall in feed respectively. the duration of the experiment was 12 weeks, which was divided into 3 periods (age 54-57, 58-61, and 62-65 weeks), and the birds had free access to water and food during the entire experiment. room temperature, lighting duration and other management items were based on the standard of the strain guide (birds had the same amount of feed). the experiment was divided into three periods of four weeks according to the different stages of the birds' production, and for this purpose, at the end of the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks, the birds were weighed and the average weight of each group was reported. the eggs of all experimental treatments were counted and collected separately in the whole period. in order to determine production performance, production percentage and average egg weight were measured and calculated daily in the entire period and the results were reported. in order to check the quality characteristics of eggs, at the end of the 8th and 12th week, 2 eggs were randomly selected and evaluated from each replication, and the average of these two weeks was reported in the results of this study.