تاثیر تزریق درون تخم‌مرغی نانو ذرات نقره بر عملکرد سیستم ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش اکسیداتیو القاء شده توسط لیپوپلی‌ساکارید

زمینه مطالعاتی: امروزه پرورش طیور با عوامل تنش‌زای مختلفی همراه است. از این‌رو، تقویت سیستم ایمنی بخصوص به روش تزریق درون تخم مرغی مورد توجه محققین می‌باشد. هدف: تاثیر تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانوذرات نقره بر عملکرد سیستم ایمنی در زمان تفریخ و پایان دوره پرورش (42 روزگی) تحت تنش اکسیداتیو القاء شده توسط لیپوپلی‌ساکارید بررسی شد. روش کار: بدین منظور از 592 عدد تخم‌مرغ بارور (سویه هووبارد f15) در 4 تیمار با 4 تکرار و 37 عدد تخم‌مرغ در هر تکرار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو تیمار شاهد (1 بدون تزریق و 2 تزریق یک میلی‌لیتر سرم فیزیولوژی به ازای هر تخم‌مرغ)، و تیمارهای 3 و 4 به ترتیب تزریق 20 و 40 میلی‌گرم نانوذرات نقره به ازای هر تخم مرغ بودند. تزریق نانوذرات نقره و سرم فیزیولوژی در روز 7 جوجه‌کشی صورت گرفت. جهت القاء تنش اکسیداتیو در دوره پرورش، لیپوپلی‌ساکارید به میزان 500 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم وزن زنده در زمان‌های 12، 24 و 48 ساعت قبل از کشتار به صورت درون صفاقی تزریق شد. نتایج: درصد جوجه‌درآوری در شاهد بدون تزریق نسبت به بقیه تیمارها بیشتر بود (0.05>p). تزریق درون تخم‌مرغی نانوذرات نقره در سطح 20 و 40 میلی‌گرم موجب بهبود رشد جوجه‌ها در طی دوران جوجه‌کشی و پرورش شد (0.05>p). غلظت‌ ایمونوگلوبین های g ((igg و m (igm) و نیز تعداد کل گلبول‌های سفید و نسبت هتروفیل/لنفوسیت در بین تیمارهای آزمایشی تفاوتی نداشت (0.05p). نتیجه‌گیری نهایی: نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه پیشنهاد می‌کند که نانوذرات نقره با بهبود رشد و بالا بردن بیان نسبی ژن دخیل در عملکرد سیستم ایمنی موجب بهبود پاسخ ایمنی جوجه‌های گوشتی می‌شود.

effects of in-ovo injection of silver nanoparticles on immune system function in broiler chickens under oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide

introduction: stress, as a response to adverse stimuli, is difficult to define and understand mostly due to its nebulous perception. as selye (1976) pointed out, “stress is the nonspecific response of the body to meet any demand”, whereas stressor is defined as “an agent that produces stress at any time”. hence, stress represents the reaction of the animal organism (i.e., a biological response) to stimuli that disturb its normal physiological equilibrium or homeostasis. thanks to their antioxidants, nutrients and anti inflammatory properties silver nanoparticles are used in many developed countries (bhanja et al 2015). the list potential applications of nanotechnology are very wide and diverse, but it is undoubtedly one of its most valuable applications in the development of therapeutic and pharmaceutical cases. also, the use of silver nanoparticles in the treatment of deadly diseases like avian influenza supports further research on biological systems (xiang et al 2011). among inorganic materials, metal oxides such as tio2, zno, mgo cao, and ag are of particular interest because they are stable in hard conditions and generally considered to be safe substances for humans and animals.material and methods: a total number of 592 eggs with an average weight of 50 g were purchased from a commercial hubbard f15 broiler breeder flock aged 50 wk. the eggs, allotted to 4 treatments of 4 replicates with 37 eggs each, were set on the same floor to provide similar incubation conditions. treatments including 2 doses of silver nanoparticles (20 and 40 mg) was injected via the egg holes using 1 ml insulin syringes equipped with disposable needles (21 gauge). the control group did not receive any treatment, and the sham control was injected with 1 ml phosphate buffered saline (triplett et al 2018). the injection holes were immediately covered using paraffin. at the end of d 18 of incubation, the eggs were transferred to the hatching cabinet. on the 21d of incubation, the hatched chicks were taken out of the incubator and after counting (checking for hatching) and weighting, half of the chicks were killed on the same day to check hemoral immunity (g and m),white blood cell count and study of the desired genes (tnf α, il 6 and tgf β). among other chickens, those that were more uniform in weight with the desired treatment were transferred to the breeding period for 42 day and again in 4 treatments (treatments applied during incubation) and 4 replications with 20 broilers per replication. during 42 day, broilers were provided with unlimited water and food. to induce oxidative stress during the breeding period, 500 μg/kg live weight salmonella lipopolysaccharide injected at 12, 24 and 48 hours before killed (xi et al 2000).result and discussion: while ovo injection, silver nanoparticles was significantly decreased hatchability in comparison to the control group (p<0/05). in line with our results (goel et al 2017) found that the hatchability of the eggs injected with nanoparticles was significantly lower than the control group. the reason can be attributed to the smaller size of younger embryos at the 7th ed, injection method, location injection, injection depth, injection time, genetics, hen age, egg size and hatching conditions (sun et al 2018; pilarski et al 2005). in case of ovo injection of 20 and 40 mg silver nanoparticles, significantly increased carcass percentage compared to the control group at hatching and post hatch period, respectively (p<0/05). (bhanja et al 2015; pineda et al 2012) proved that silver nanoparticles had positive effects on embryo weight. due to the significant amount of antioxidant in the silver nanoparticles inside the egg and its antioxidant effect on energy efficiency during embryonic life, silver nanoparticles receiving groups had a higher body weight at hatching time. higher birth weight makes it possible to increase feed intake and weight gain in these treatments.