تاثیر استفاده از روغن امگا-3 و دانه بزرک در جیره خروس های گله مادر بر کیفیت اسپرم و باروری خروس ها

زمینه مطالعاتی: عملکرد تولید مثلی و افزایش تولید تخم‌مرغ نطفه‌دار یکی از اصلی‌ترین دغدغه‌ها در میان پرورش دهندگان مرغ مادر است. هدف: مطالعه حاضر جهت بررسی کیفیت اسپرم و میزان باروری خروس های گله مرغ‌‌مادر با دستکاری چربی‌های جیره از طریق افزودن دانه بزرک و روغن امگا-3 به جیره انجام گرفت. روش کار: آزمایش با استفاده از 1920 قطعه خروس نژاد راس 308 در پایان 33 هفتگی در 6 سالن و در هر سالن 320 پرنده انجام شد. جیره‌های آزمایشی شامل جیره پایه با روغن سویا غنی شده با امگا-6، روغن امگا-3 و دانه بزرک بود. از هر سالن، 5 خروس به طور تصادفی علامت‌گذاری شدند. پارامترهای خونی، وزن بیضه‌ها، ویژگی‌های حرکتی و کمی اسپرم، درصد نطفه‌داری تخم‌مرغ‌ها و وزن خروس‌های زنده مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. رکورد‌‌گیری در هفته های 33 تا 40، هفته های 54 تا 61 و در زمان کشتار انجام شد. جمع‌آوری منی یک بار در هفته، از هفته 61-57 در 5 نوبت انجام شد. نتایج: پارامترهای خونی و وزن بیضه‌ها تحت تاثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (0.05>p). تاثیر هفته و اثر متقابل هفته در تیمار بر سطوح سرعت در مسیر مستقیم اسپرم (0.01>p) ، میانگین سرعت در خط منحنی (به ترتیب 0.01>p) و 0.05>p)، سرعت در مسیر میانگین (به ترتیب (0.01>p)و (0.05>p) و حداکثر دامنه حرکات جانبی (0.05>p) معنی‌دار بود. اثر هفته بر درصد تراکم اسپرم (0.05>p)، اسپرم‌های کم سرعت (0.01>p)، اسپرم‌های ایستا (0.05>p)معنی‌دار و بر درصد حرکت پیش رونده اسپرم‌ها نزدیک به معنی‌داری (059/0=p) بود. تاثیر تیمار و هفته بر درصد تخم‌مرغ‌های نطفه‌دار (0.01>p) و بر درصد وزن بدنی خروس‌ها (0.01>p) افزایشی بود و تیمار بزرک اختلاف معنی‌دار با بقیه تیمارها داشت. نتیجه‌گیری نهایی: این مطالعه نشان داد که افزودن 2 درصد دانه بزرک در جیره خروس‌های گله مادر می‌تواند درصد تخم‌مرغ‌های نطفه‌دار را در گله افزایش دهد.

effect of dietary omega-3 and lineseed oil on the sperm quality and fertility of male broiler breeders

introduction: the main challenge of breeding broiler chicken breeders is to increase the production of fertile eggs. about 70% of the decline in production during different stages of incubation is due to infertile eggs and fetal mortality. the fertility reduction in male broiler breeders after 50 weeks has been reported as the major reason for production loss. this reduction can be attributed to different factors, such as age, weight, and low semen quality. the composition of seminal long chain fatty acids (fa) is affected by the diet. thus, a diet enriched with n-3 and n-6 fas can alter the proportion of fatty acids in the sperm and semen plasma. the amount of n-6 fas in the sperm membrane phospholipid increased as a result of the consumption of a commercial diet.the phospholipid of the bird sperm is identified with a very high amount of c20-22n-6 (pufa). the increased amount of n-3 fas in poultry sperm has a positive effect on the quality of sperm and fertility, which leads to increased sperm motility in the oviduct and fertilization. flaxseed is the richest dietary source of n-3 fas, i.e. α-linolenic acid, and lignan. flaxseed dietary increases the amount of n-3 fas (pufa) in the phospholipid membrane of the sperm body, while it decreases n-6 fas in the membrane of the sperm head and the ratio of n-3:n-6. in addition, the sperm motility has a positive correlation with the amount of phospholipid and a negative correlation with the amount of free cholesterol. the ability to synthesize c20-22 polyunsaturated fas is decreased in phospholipids with age. thus, the inclusion of α-linolenic acid in the diet of male birds results in an accurate balance of n-6/n-3 and a rise in the ratio of phospholipid/cholesterol, which would lead to a potential dramatic change in the fertility. the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary flaxseed on the sperm quality and fertility of broiler breeder roosters.material and methods: this research was conducted on the broiler chicken farm of kimiaparvar company. three experimental diets were tested on 1920 ross 308 roosters which were located in six halls. therefore, there were two halls for each experimental diet. the first phase were performed on the 33-41 weeks old birds, after their peak of production and the second phase was continued from 53 until 61 weeks of age. the experimental diets were as follows: control diet, which was formulated based on corn-soybean oil (n-6 fas-rich), a diet with 0.2% omega-3 (n-3 fas-rich (pepin)), and a diet that contained 2% whole grain flaxseed. five birds from each hall (n=30 in total) were randomly labeled for weighing, blood and sperm sampling. the blood tests, such as glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and urea were performed using the spectrophotometry technique. the evaluation of sperm parameters and the analysis of fatty acids were conducted by the casa system and the chromatography method, respectively. the labelled birds were trained for semen collection over three weeks using the method of abdominal message. the semen was collected once a week from week 57 to week 61. the collected samples from 5 birds were pooled before the analysis.