استفاده از دانه کلزا به عنوان منبع چربی در جیره‌های بر پایه ذرت و جو بر پاسخ‌های عملکردی و متابولیکی بز نژاد مهابادی در اوایل شیردهی

زمینه مطالعاتی: بهبود عمکرد و بررسی متابولیت‌های شکمبه‌ای و خونی بزهای نژاد مهابادی. هدف: بررسی اثر استفاده از دانه کلزا به عنوان منبع چربی در جیره‌های بر پایه ذرت و جو (به عنوان منابع مختلف نشاسته) بر پاسخ های عملکردی و متابولیکی بز نژاد مهابادی در اوایل شیردهی. روش‌ کار: این آزمایش بر روی 16 راس بز ماده نژاد مهابادی در مرحله‌ی اوایل شیردهی به صورت فاکتوریل 2×2 در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور منبع غلات و دانه کلزا، صورت گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیر‌ه‌ بر پایه‌ی جو، جیره بر پایه‌ی ذرت، جیره‌ی بر پایه‌ی جو به همراه 5 درصد دانه کلزا و جیره‌ی بر پایه‌ی ذرت به همراه 5 درصد دانه کلزا بود. میانگین تیمارها به روش آزمون توکی در سطح 5 درصد مقایسه شدند. نتایج: افزودن دانه کلزا بر ماده خشک مصرفی معنی‌دار نبود. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، ماده‌ی آلی، پروتئین خام و چربی خام معنی‌دار نبود ولی مقدار الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی خنثی و اسیدی کاهش یافت(0.05>p). اثر افزودن دانه کلزا بر غلظت کلسترول و کل پروتئین خون معنی‌دار بود و باعث افزایش این فرآسنجه‌ها شد (0.05>p)؛ اما در غلظت آلبومین، اوره، تری گلیسیرید و گلوکزخون تغییر معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. ترکیب شیر تحت تاثیر تیمارها معنی دار نبود ولی تولید شیر در تیمار ذرت به همراه کلزا و جو به همراه کلزا افزایش معنی‌داری نشان داد (0.05>p). سطح ph مایع شکمبه تغییر نکرد؛ اما جمعیت پروتزآی شکمبه‌ای کاهش معنی‌داری نشان داد (0.05>p). هرچند از میان اسیدهای چرب فرار مایع شکمبه، مقدار ایزووالریک و والریک افزایش یافت (0.05>p)، اما در مقدار اسید پروپیونیک و اسیدبوتیریک تغییر معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. نتیجه‌گیری نهایی: نتایج نشان داد که افزودن سطح 5 درصد دانه کلزا به عنوان منبع چربی در جیره می‌تواند سبب بهبود عملکرد بزهای مهابادی در اوایل دوره‌ی شیردهی شود.

The use of cannula seed as a source of fatty acid in the diet based on corn and barley on functional responses and some metabolite in early lactation Mahabadian goats

AbstractBackground and objective: Milk and other dairy products are important sources of human nutrition for providing protein, vitamins and minerals. Milk fat contains substances known to have anticancer properties. Fat milk ruminants due to extensive bio hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and the synthesis of Short and medium saturated fatty acids in the chest glands have a high concentration of saturated fatty acids. Goat is grown as one of the domestic ruminants in different parts of the world. This livestock produces a variety of products. One of the main goals of breeders is milk production. The small, high adaptability, low tolerance and high resistance of goats to many diseases and unfavorable conditions in the environment have caused the maintenance and cultivation of this animal, especially in rural and small conditions. One of the strategies for livestock breeding is livestock nutrition, which greatly affects the economic aspects of production. The lactating animals during and after the transition period undergo significant changes in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and minerals. In order to meet the metabolic needs of livestock, different nutritional strategies have been used in this period. Therefore, feeding non forage carbohydrates and fat in the diet or reducing the percentage of milk fat at the start of lactation through some specific fatty acids to reduce energy demand in early lactation it has been used.This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of using Cannula seed as a source of fatty acid in corn and barley diets on the functional and metabolic responses of the Mahabadian goat breeder in early lactation. Therefore, the use of fat in the diet has become a management tool in controlling metabolic events around childbirth.Materials and methods: The treatments consisted of diet based on barley, cornbased diet, barleybased diet with 5 per centage Cannula seed and corn with 5 per centage Cannula seed diet. Treatments were given to TMR as livestock. This experiment was carried out on 16 female Mahabadian goat breeders in the early stage of lactation in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design ( CRD) with two source factors of cereals and Cannula seed. The mean of treatments was compared with Duncan test at 5 per centage level. This study was conducted in a onemonth trial period after birth and 14 days of adolescence. During the experimental period, the amount of feed intake and weight gain was recorded. Sampling of feeds to determine dry matter intake and nutrient feedings weekly to measure the amount of organic matter, dry matter, crude protein, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent ( NDF) and Insoluble fiber in acidic detergent ( ADF). In order to determine the blood parameters of the blood sample from the veins and veins of the goats on the final day of the test, 4 hours after the morning meal was taken. The blood samples taken were immediately transferred to the laboratory and after centrifugation at 6000 rpm for 7 minutes, the serum was isolated and kept in the freezer at 20 ° C. Separated serum was used to measure the triglycerides, cholesterol, urea nitrogen, total protein and glucose, using Parstest and ELISA reader made by Garni Company in Germany. In order to determine the rumen parameters, a sample of rumen fluid in the final day of the test, 4 hours after feeding. The pH of the rumen fluid was measured immediately using pH meter (Schott Titrator Titroline easy model). Rumen fluid samples were smoothed using 4 layer sackcloth and 2 samples of 50 ml of rumen fluid with 1 ml sulfuric acid 50 per centage with a ratio of 1 to 50 sulfuric acid with rumen fluid was mixed to determine the amount of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid and the profile of volatile fatty and immediately and kept in the freezer at 20 ° C until further tests were performed.Results: addition of canola to feed was not significant on dry mater intake. The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP and EE was not significant, but the amount of NDF, ADF decreased. The effect of fatty acid on total cholesterol and total protein was significant and increase this metabolite but no significant changes were observed in albumin, urea, triglyceride and glucose concentrations. Milk composition was not significantly affected by treatments but milk production in corn with canola, barley with canola increased significantly. The pH of the rumen fluid did not change, but the amount of protozoa decreased. The amount of isovoleric and voleric acid increased from ruminal fluid escaping VFA, but there was no significant change in the amount of propionic acid and butyric acid.Conclusions: According to the results, it can be concluded that the use of Cannula seed as a source of fatty acid in a grainbased diet improves the performance of lactating goats. Considering that in the majority of studies done in the feeding of oily seeds, a significant decrease in feed intake was reported. Therefore, it seems that using 5 per centage of Cannula seed in corn and barley not only causes Reducing dry matter consumption does not even increase milk production. Therefore, the use of 5 per centage is recommended in grainbased rations at the lactation stage.The results of this study showed addition of Cannula seed as a source of fatty acid in the diet improved the performance of the Mahabadian goats in the early stages of lactation.