چگونگی تکوین هنر و صناعت نزد عبرانیان

ﮐﺎر و ﭘﯿﺸﻪ در ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﻘﺪس و دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻮن ﯾﻬﻮدی ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺮای آن آداب اﺧﻼﻗﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﻮی ﺧﺎﺻﯽ درﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ در ﻣﺘﻮن ﻋﺒﺮاﻧﯽ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪی از ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺗﮑﻮﯾﻦ ﻫﻨﺮ و ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼﻮص ﻣﻘﺪس دﯾﻦ ﯾﻬﻮد ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺒﺮاﻧﯽ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﮑﻮﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ؟ ﭼﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺘﯽ در دﯾﻦ ﯾﻬﻮد دارﻧﺪ؟ ﭘﯿﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺪام آداب ﻣﻌﻨﻮی ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ؟ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻘﻞ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮن ﻣﻘﺪس ﯾﻬﻮد و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺻﻮل ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ادﯾﺎن ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺳﻨﺖﮔﺮاﯾﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﻫﺪاف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪاز: ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺗﮑﻮﯾﻦ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻧﺼﻮص ﻣﻘﺪس دﯾﻦ ﯾﻬﻮد اﺳﺖ؛ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮدن آداب ﻣﻌﻨﻮی ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎت. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻪﻫﺎ در دﯾﻦ ﯾﻬﻮد ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﻟﻬﯽ و وﺣﯿﺎﻧﯽ دارﻧﺪ. ﮐﺎر از دﺳﺘﻮرات ﮐﺘﺎب ﻣﻘﺪس ﺗﻮرات اﺳﺖ. ﮐﺎر و ﭘﯿﺸﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن را از ﮔﻨﺎه ﺑﺎز ﻣﯽ-دارد و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﻓﺮد و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

quiddity of formation of arts and crafts among hebrews

work and profession are highly regarded in the bible and other jewish texts, and special moral and spiritual rites are considered for them. in addition, there is evidence in hebrew texts of how crafts originated. the question of the present study is to examine the development of art and craft according to the sacred texts of judaism. this study seeks to answer the following questions: how did crafts evolve in the hebrew society? what is the significance of judaism? which spiritual etiquettes do professions rely on? this study is based on the method of analysis and interpretation of jewish sacred texts and is based on the principles of religious research with a traditionalist approach. the aims of the research are: to determine the development and importance of crafts from the perspective of the sacred texts of judaism; identify the spiritual customs of the crafts. the results show that professions in judaism have a divine and revelatory origin. work is one of the commandments of the torah. the work and profession prevents man from sin and causes the exaltation of the individual and society.