بررسی استعاره‌های وجودی مفهوم رحمت الهی در صحیفه سجادیه «در پرتو اصول استعاره شناختی جَکِل»

استعاره در نگاه زبان‌شناسان شناختی، با عنوان استعاره مفهومی مطرح است و از مهم‌ترین کارکرد شناختی آن، فهم مفاهیم انتزاعی از طریق مفاهیم عینی و ملموس است و بر پایۀ مفاهیم عینی می تواند، ماهیت زبانی موجود در متون دینی را که بسیار انتزاعی و دور از تجربۀ حسی است، روشن نماید. مفهوم رحمت الهی به عنوان یکی از مفاهیم انتزاعی موجود در صحیفۀ سجادیه در قالب های استعاری گوناگونی به کار رفته و بررسی زبان‌شناسانۀ آن، زیبایی‌های ادبی و دیدگاه امام سجاد (ع) را در ارتباط با آن برای مخاطب آشکار می‌سازد. پژوهش حاضر بر این مبنا و به روش توصیفی تحلیلی به بررسی استعاره‌های وجودی (هستی‌شناختی) مفهوم رحمت الهی در پرتو اصول استعاره شناختی جَکل در صحیفۀ سجادیه پرداخت و به این نتایج دست یافت که امام (ع) برای تبیین مفهوم رحمت الهی با بهره جستن از حوزه‌های متعددِ استعاره پدیده‌ای (با بیشترین بسامد: 50 درصد)، استعاره ظرف و استعاره تشخیص، مفاهیم مدنظرش را در قالب محسوسات برای مخاطب قابل فهم و ملموس گردانیده است. هم‌چنین تحلیل شواهد بررسی شده در صحیفۀ سجادیه با اصول استعاره شناختی جَکِل (اصل استعارۀ فراگیر، اصل حوزه، اصل مدل، اصل یکسویگی، اصل ضرورت، اصل خلاقیت و اصل تمرکز) هماهنگ است و آنها را تایید می کند.

analysis of ontological metaphors of the concept of divine mercy in sahifa sajjadiehin the light of the principles of jackel’s cognitive metaphor

introduction: cognitive linguists have presented several principlesand methods for analyzing literary language, and metaphor isconsidered one of the main topics in cognitive linguistics, and a tool for explaining the author's ideas. with the publication of the book metaphors we live by, lakoff and johnson challenged the classicalview of metaphor and argued that metaphor is not limited to thelanguage domain, but to our entire daily life, including our thoughts andactions. this theory also “can explain the nature of religious languageand shape vast parts of language and, our experiences.” given theimportance of conceptual metaphor, this theory is based on severalprinciples and foundations. in a study, olaf jackel tests the ninehypotheses of the metaphor theory about the metaphor in the bible andclaims that all the hypotheses, except the immutability hypothesis, areconfirmed in the language of the bible. al ṣaḥīfa al sajjādiyyacontains many metaphorical expressions and abstract concepts, each ofwhich describes a specific aspect of related concepts. one of theseconcepts is divine mercy, which has been used in many metaphoricalforms. examining the existential metaphors of this concept reveals the hidden literary mysteries related to this concept for a deeperunderstanding by the audience.methods: the current research aims to study the conceptualmetaphors of the existential type of this concept using the cognitiveapproach.findings: according to the examined evidence, existentialmetaphors are widely used in the language of prayer, and this confirmsthe comprehensive principle that is fully present in specializeddiscourse. the principle of the domain can be explained in this way thata metaphorical mapping has been created between the domain of originand the abstract domain of destination (god's mercy). in the frameworkof the principle of the model, although the patterns used have severalnames, but they all revolve around the axis above themselves, and theimages that are coherent and structured from these cognitive models inthe form of phenomena, container and recognition is obtained, it helpsthe audience to better understand the intended concepts. according tothe uni directionality principle, the investigated nouns have a unidirectionality function. understanding the concept of divine mercy,which is made easier with the help of concrete and well known fields,also confirms the principle of necessity, and starting from the principleof creativity, there is a creative aspect in the use of analyzed metaphors,which causes the language of prayer to be distinguished from ordinary language. the focus of the metaphor is that imam al sajjad talks about god's mercy with the help of material objects, the use of containers and volume, and by attributing human traits and characteristics. conclusion: in al ṣaḥīfa al sajjādiyya, the concept of divine mercyis represented in various forms of existential metaphors. imam al sajjadused several fields to explain the concept of divine mercy, including thephenomenal or material metaphor, the container metaphor, and therecognition metaphor. this is what made the concepts that the imamaddressed about the abstract concept of divine mercy understandableand tangible to the recipient in the form of sensations. among the typesof existential metaphors, the concept of divine mercy is mostlymanifested in the form of phenomenal metaphor (50%) and containermetaphor (33%) and recognition metaphor (17%) of the types ofmetaphors.