تحلیلی بر رئالیسم ارزش‌شناختی در علوم انسانی ( با تاکید بر واقع‌نمایی قضایای ارزشی)

از مسائل مهم در حوزه علم‌َشناسی، ارزش‌باری علوم، به ویژه علوم انسانی است. با پذیرش این اصل، مسئله رئالیسم ارزش‌شناختی در علوم انسانی مطرح می‌شود. در این زمینه، رویکردهای مختلفی در غرب و جهان اسلام وجود دارد. برخی مکاتب فلسفی، نظیر پوزیتیویست‌ها بر پایه اصل بی‌معنایی ارزش‌ها و بی‌طرفی علم، از اساس منکر ارزش‌باری علم شده و آن را ناقض عینیت و کاشفیت علم می‌دانند. در مقابل، طرفداران پارادایم تفسیری و انتقادی، محدودنمودن ارزش‌ها را در علم، غیرممکن می‌دانند و معتقدند، علوم، مملو از ارزش‌های مختلف است. آنان به جهت اینکه نتوانستند از رئالیسم معرفت‌شناختی و ارزش‌شناختی دفاع کنند؛ با نسبیت‌گرایی معرفت‌شناختی مواجه شدند؛ اما بر اساس اندیشه اسلامی، ضمن پذیرش اصل ارزش‌باری علم و تبیین آن، می‌توان از واقع‌نمایی و عینیت، به ویژه رئالیسم ارزش‌شناختی در علوم انسانی، دفاع نمود. مقاله حاضر می‌کوشد با روش تحلیل عقلی، بر اساس منظومه فکری اسلام، به رئالیسم ارزش‌شناختی در علوم انسانی اسلامی بپردازد. از یافته‌های مقاله حاضر، واقع‌نمایی ارزش‌شناختی علوم انسانی و به تبع آن، برخی نتایج معرفت‌شناختی و روش‌شناختی نظیر ثبات و جاودانگی ارزش‌های پایه، نقش تسهیل‌گری ارزش‌ها در فرایند علم و تعیین منابع معرفتی است.

analysis of axiological realism in the humanities:with emphasis on the realism of value propositions

introduction: one of the important issues in the field of scientology is the value of sciences, especially humanities. by accepting this principle, the value realism in the humanities is raised. in this regard, there are different approaches in the west and the islamic world. some philosophical schools, such as positivists, based on the principle of meaninglessness of values and the neutrality of science, deny the having value of science and consider it as violating the objectivity and discovery of science. the interpretive and critical paradigms, on the other hand, find it impossible to limit values in science and believe that science is full of different values. because they could not defend epistemological and axiological realism; faced with epistemological relativism. but according to islamic thought, while accepting the principle of the having value of science and explaining it, one can defend realism and objectivity, especially value realism in the humanities. method of study: this article tries to deal with axiological realism in islamic humanities through the method of rational analysis, based on the islamic intellectual system. the focus of this article is on value realism. first, the meaning of value of science is explained, and then, while pointing to axiology in the three dominant paradigms, axiological realism in the humanities will be explained based on the intellectual framework of islam, especially transcendent philosophy. findings: 1- according to the islamic intellectual system, science is valuable and valuable by observing the principles and foundations of epistemology and value, not only does not harm the objectivity of science; but in line with epistemological values, they also have an identifying and guiding role; 2- in addition to value, the humanities have descriptive and value propositions, and the realism of descriptive propositions means that they can be adapted to reality and the matter itself; 3. from descriptive theorems to value and normative theorems, one can bridge (the relationship between is and musts); therefore, the realism of value propositions depends on the realism of descriptive theorems; 4- what is meant by fact in non-descriptive cases is valuenormative fact. value realism in the humanities; that is, value concepts and theorems, although we do not have external elements; but they do not lack the essence and reality, and with double mental activity, it is possible to judge the connection of these concepts with their own proportional reality. the reality and the essence of the matter are value propositions, interests and interests; 5. value realism is based on ontological and epistemological realism; 6- the results of value realism in islam are: stability and immortality of basic values in the humanities, providing a criterion of desirable values for a positive effect and facilitation in the process of science and determining the sources of knowledge in the humanities, especially in the field of values. conclusion: the axiological realism of the humanities and, consequently, some epistemological and methodological results such as the stability and immortality of basic values, the facilitating role of values in the process of science and the determination of epistemological sources.