Side Effects of Gadolinium Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Renal Failure, a Review

Iodinated contrast media in patients with chronic kidney disease induce to loss of residual renal function. so magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium has replaced iodinated contrast agents in these patients. nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a recently identified disorder seen only in patients with kidney failure, particularly in patients on dialysis. the evidence has implicated gadolinium as the 2 main cause of this disorder skin involvement occurs in all patients and some have systemic manifestations. it is under-diagnosed by clinicians who are unfamiliar with the condition. although no therapy has shown consistent benefit, but prevention in high risk patients should be considered.