anti-malarial activity of nano tannic acid mgo extract alone and combined with chloroquine against plasmodium berghei

Background: the global rise in malaria parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs necessitates new therapeutic strategies. medicinal plant extracts, long used in traditional malaria treatment, have shown antiplasmodial potential in recent stud­ies. this study investigated the effects of nano tannic acid mgo (nta mgo) and chloroquine (cq), both individually and in combination, on a chloroquine-sensitive plasmodium berghei strain.methods: balb/c mice infected with p. berghei were divided into 11 groups. groups were treated with nta mgo (12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg), cq (1, 3, 10, 20 mg/kg), pure tannic acid (100 mg/kg), or assigned as controls. peter's meth­od determined the fifty percent effective dose (ed50) for nta mgo and cq. drug interactions were assessed using the fixed-ratio method (ratios: 100/0, 90/10, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, 10/90, 0/100). parasitemia and inhibition percentages were calculated and analysed using spss software.results: the ed50 values for cq and nta mgo were found to be 1.1 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. a synergistic effect was observed when a combination of 30% cq and 70% nta mgo was used, which significantly reduced para­sitemia compared to the control group (p< 0.05, kruskal-wallis test). additionally, nta mgo administered alone at a dosage of 25 mg/kg effectively reduced the parasite load.conclusion: nta mgo showed strong antiplasmodial activity both alone and with chloroquine (cq). the 30% cq and 70% nta mgo combination exhibited a significant synergistic effect, highlighting its potential as a new treatment for chloroquine-sensitive malaria and the promise of plant-based nanoparticles against drug-resistant malaria.