physiological and morphophysiological responses of guar (cyamopsis tetragonoloba l.) to cobalt and jasmonic acid

Cobalt (co) toxicity presents a substantial challenge to agricultural output, especially in economically significant crops like guar (cyamopsis tetragonoloba l.). this research explored the capacity of jasmonic acid (ja) to lessen the detrimental impacts of cobalt-induced stress on the physiological and morphophysiological attributes of guar plants. guar seedlings were subjected to varying levels of co (0, 50, 100, and 200 micro;m) and treated with ja (0, 5, 10, and 15 micro;m). the results indicated that elevated co concentrations significantly diminished plant growth, biomass accumulation, gum and carbohydrate levels, and water content while simultaneously increasing proline, catalase, peroxidase, phenol, and superoxide dismutase activities, suggesting the presence of oxidative stress. in contrast, applications of ja, particularly at lower concentrations (5 and 10 micro;m), successfully ameliorated these adverse effects by enhancing water status, reducing cobalt absorption, strengthening antioxidant defense mechanisms, and improving photosynthetic performance. notably, ja treatment sustained or improved biomass, carbohydrate content, water content, and increased viscosity under co stress conditions. these results highlight the potential of ja as a bio stimulant to improve guar plant tolerance against co toxicity, offering a viable approach for sustainable agricultural practices in contaminated settings.