پیش بینی تعهد زناشویی بر اساس نیازهای بنیادین روان‌شناختی و صمیمیت با واسطه‌گری تمایزیافتگی خود

ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎی ﺑﻨﻴﺎدﻳﻦ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و ﺻﻤﻴﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ واﺳﻄﻪﮔﺮی ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻮد. روش: روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری زﻧﺎن و ﻣﺮدان ﻣﺘﺄﻫﻞ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻣﺸﺎوره و روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1397 ﺑﻪﺗﻌﺪاد 8900 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮد. از ﻣﻴﺎن آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮی ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ، از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 2 آوای رﻫﺎﻳﻲ، ﭘﻨﺪار ﻧﻴﻚ، وارش، ﻓﻬﻢ و راﻳﺎ، از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 5 ﺗﻔﻜﺮ، ﺑﻬﺎر زﻧﺪﮔﻲ، راه ﻧﻮر، آراﻣﺶ و ﺻﺎدﻗﻴﻪ، از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 7 ﻣﻬﺮداد، راه ﻧﻮ، ﻛﺎوش ﻧﻮﻳﻦ، رﻫﺎﻳﻲ و اﻳﺮان اﻧﺪﻳﺶ، از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 12 رﻓﺎه، ﻧﻮرﺳﻌﺎدت، ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ، ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﻮ و ﻫﻤﺮاﻫﺎن و ﻫﺴﺘﻲ و از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 16، 403 اﻣﻴﺪﻧﻮ، ﺑﻌﺜﺖ، ﺣﺎﻣﻲ و ﻣﻌﺮاج، 248 زن و 155 ﻣﺮد ﻣﺘﺄﻫﻞ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻼﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ 10 ﺗﺎ 20 آزﻣﻮدﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ازای ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ و اﺣﺘﻤﺎل رﻳﺰش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ آداﻣﺰ و ﺟﻮﻧﺰ (1997)، ارﺿﺎی ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎی ﺑﻨﻴﺎدﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﮔﻨﻴﻪ (2003)، ﺻﻤﻴﻤﻴﺖ واﻛﺮ و ﺗﺎﻣﭙﺴﻮن 1983 و ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺧﻮدِ اِﺳﻜﻮرن و اِﺳﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻮد. ﭘﺲ از ﺣﺬف 2 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺨﺪوش و 1 داده ﭘﺮت، ﺑﺮای ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دادهﻫﺎ از روش اﻟﮕﻮﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻤﻴﻤﻴﺖ و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻞ (0/027 =p= 0/001 ،β) و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ (0/126 =p= 0/002 ،β) ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎی ﺑﻨﻴﺎدﻳﻦ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﻞ (0/087 =p= 0/001 ،β) و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ (0/186 =β، 0/001 =p) ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮی: ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﻲﺷﻮد در ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻣﺸﺎوره و روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ آﻣﻮزشﻫﺎﻳﻲ را ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺤﻮه ارﺿﺎی ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎی ﺑﻨﻴﺎدﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﺮ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺻﻤﻴﻤﻴﺖ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺮا ﻣﺘﺄﻫﻞ اراﺋﻪ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ زوجﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ آن ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ.

Predicting marital commitment based on basic psychologicalneeds and intimacy with mediation of self-differentiation

Aim: The purpose of this study was to predict marital commitment based on basic psychological needs and intimacy with mediation of selfdifferentiation. Methods: Method was correlation and the statistical population included married women and men referred to counseling and psychological centers of Tehran City in 2018. Among them, using random sampling method, from District Two; Avaye Rahayee Pendare Nick, Varesh, Fahm va Raya, from District Five; Tafakor, Bahare Zendegi, Rahe Noor, Aramesh and sadeghiyeh, from District Seven; Mehrdad, Rahe No, Kavoshe Novin, Rahayee And Iran Andish, from District 12 Refah, Nure Saa’dat, Hemayat, Fasle No and Hamrahan va Hasti and from District 16; Omid, Be’sat, Hami and Me’raj, 248 Women and 155 Married according to Klein (2016) with a Ratio of 10 up to 20 subjects were selected for each variable and probability of sample dropout. Tools were Marital Commitment Inventory (Adams Jones, 1997); Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (Gagne, 2003); Intimacy Scale (Walker Thompson, 1983) and Differentiation of Self Inventory (Skowron Schmitt, 2003). After excluding two distorted questionnaires and one outlier data, data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results: In the present study, the total path coefficient between marital intimacy and marital commitment was positive and significant (β=0.027, P=0.001). The total path coefficient between basic psychological needs and marital commitment was also positive and significant (β=0.087, P=0.001). The indirect path coefficient between marital intimacy and marital commitment (P=0.002, β=0.126) and the indirect path coefficient between basic psychological needs and marital commitment (P=0.001, β=0.186) were positive and significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is suggested that counseling and psychological centers provide trainings for married couples how to satisfy their spouses’ basic needs and ways to increase marital intimacy. It is also suggested to focus on measuring couple’s level of differentiation and its recovery