مقایسه تاثیر ترکیبات معدنی، عصاره‌های گیاهی و سموم آفت‌کش شیمیایی روی مهار جمعیت مراحل مختلف زندگی شته مومی کلمbrevicoryne brassicae (linnaeus) در فضای سبز شهری

استفاده از گل های زینتی در فضای سبز شهری در فصول مختلف به‌صورت گسترده صورت می گیرد و جزء جدایی ناپذیر مدیریت شهری است. در راستای حفظ و تداوم زیبایی ظاهر انواع گیاهان و رضایت شهروندان از فعالیت‌‌های مدیریت شهری مذکور استفاده از انواع سموم آفت‌کش به‌صورت دوره ای در محیط شهری رایج می باشد. شته مومی کلم یکی از آفات مهم فضای سبز شهری در فصل زمستان می باشد که در صورت عدم مهار باعث خسارت اقتصادی و انتقال بیماری‌‌های ویروسی از طریق مکیدن شیره گیاهی می‌گردد. در این پژوهش، تاثیر دو ترکیب گیاهی دایابون و عصاره زیتون تلخ و سه ترکیب معدنیِ حاوی عنصر پتاسیم شامل نیترات پتاسیم، سولفات پتاسیم و سیلیکات پتاسیم و سه آفت‌کش شیمیایی آبامکتین، استامیپرید و کلوتیانیدین در مقایسه با شاهد (آب) با غلظت‌های توصیه شده روی مهار جمعیت شته مومی کلم ارزیابی شدند. ارزیابی میزان کارآیی تیمارها با نمونه‌برداری و مقایسه میزان جمعیت شته‌‌ها روی 10 عدد برگ انتخابی از 10 گل کلم زینتی، طی سه نوبت در زمان‌‌های هفت، 14 و 21 روز پس از محلول‌پاشی انجام شد. نتایج این آزمایش‌ها نشان داد که تیمارهای استامیپرید (0±0)، کلوتیانیدین (0±0) و آبامکتین (2.4±9.7) موثرترین ترکیبات در مهار شته مومی کلم بوده و عصاره زیتون تلخ (2.15±6.0) و دایابون (1.63±4.1) نیز در هفت روز ابتدایی در کاهش جمعیت شته مومی کلم تاثیر داشتند و می‌توان در مدیریت تلفیقی از آن‌ها بهره برد. نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات معدنی حاوی پتاسیم، کارآیی چندانی در مهار جمعیت این آفت در فضای سبز نداشتند.

comparing the effects of mineral compounds, plant extracts and chemical pesticides on population control of different life stages of cabbage aphid brevicoryne brassicae (linnaeus) in urban green space

introductioncabbage aphid brevicoryne brassicae (l.) (aphididae: hemiptera) is one of the important pests of cruciferous plants, which causes a lot of damage to plants of this family by feeding on plant sap and transmitting disease. the use of plant derived chemicals such as diabon and persian lilac (melia azedarach l.) extract as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in the integrated management of this pest has been studied and considered. on the other hand, the use of synthetic insecticides in order to control sucking pests is common, and the high percentage of mortalities by acetamiprid and clothianidin against sucking pests was investigated and it was proved that the insecticidal properties of these pesticides are based on the systemic property of them. potassium element is also important because it plays an important role in the general balance of phosphorus and nitrogen inside the plant, and if potassium is at the level required by the plant, it has an inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of insects. in this research, the effect of mineral compounds, plant derived chemicals and synthetic insecticides on the cabbage aphid population was investigated in the conditions of the open space of the urban landscape. materials and methodsthis research was carried out in the green space of zarand city, kerman province on ready-to-plant ornamental cabbages that are contaminated with cabbage aphids. for each experimental treatment, sixteen infected cabbage plants with aphids were randomly planted in plots with an area of one square meter (1×1) at a distance of 20 cm from each other. in order to evaluate the effect of mineral, plant and chemical compounds to control the population of cabbage aphid on ornamental cabbage, experiments were carried out in the form of 9 treatments as follows: (p-n): potassium nitrate at a concentration of 3000 (ppm) - (p-s): potassium sulfate at a concentration of 2000 (ppm) - (p-si): potassium silicate at a concentration of 2000 (ppm) - (mi): water-ethanol extract of melia azedarach (fruit) at a concentration of 3000 (ppm) - (ct): commercial form of a concentrated suspension (sc-20) of clothianidin at a recommended rate of 500 (ppm) - (at): commercial form of water-soluble powder (sp-20) acetamiprid at a recommended concentration of 500 (ppm) - (am): commercial form of emulsion concentration (ec-1.8) abamectin at a recommended rate of 500 (ppm) - (db): diabon 10% to the recommended concentration of 8000 (ppm) - (c): water as control. the foliar spraying with each of the treatments was carried out in one turn by a 20-liter backpack sprayer with a certain volume on the ornamental cabbages of each treatment. sampling of the aphid population was done on three occasions at 7, 14 and 21 days after foliar spraying at 8 am. the population of aphids on the leaf was counted by a stereomicroscope and in the area of the template of 1.5×1.5 cm, which was placed on a specific area of the leaf. in this study, the population of living aphids, including: nymphs, wingless and winged insects, were counted and used for statistical analysis. results and discussionin the first record, the population of nymphs, wingless and total insect in mi, ct, at, am and db treatments have significant differences with the control treatment. but the treatments containing potassium element (p-n, p-s and p-si) have no significant difference with the control treatment. comparison of the results 14 days after foliar spraying showed that at and ct treatments have a significant difference with the control treatment in the stages of nymph, wingless and the total population.