تراکم مناسب تله نوری برای شکار شب‌پره بید گوجه‌فرنگی در شرایط گلخانه

بید گوجه‌فرنگی “tuta absoluta (meyrick)” یکی از آفات کلیدی گوجه‌فرنگی می‌باشد. استفاده از تله‌های نوری یکی از روش‌های کم هزینه و کم ریسک برای شکار حشرات بالغ، و در نتیجه کاهش خسارت این آفت می‌باشد. در این تحقیق مناسب‌ترین تعداد تله نوری، از طریق مقایسه دو، چهار، شش و هشت تله نوری (با منبع نوری uv blacklight blue) در هر واحد 1000 متری گلخانه، در سه استان بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که در تراکم کم جمعیت آفت، میانگین شکار در هر تله با افزایش تعداد تله کاهش می‌یابد. اما در آلودگی شدید، میانگین تعداد شکار، با افزایش تعداد تله در واحد سطح، حتی با نصب هشت تله در هر هزار متر مربع گلخانه نیز کاهش نمی‌یابد. در استان هرمزگان، به عنوان مثال، میانگین تعداد پروانه‌های شکار شده با نصب دو تله 27.75 و با نصب چهار تله 14.39 هنگام آلودگی پائین ثبت شد اما در آلودگی بالا، میانگین تعداد شکار با نصب شش ‌تله 112.67 و با نصب هشت تله 113.33 بود. براساس نتایج فوق می‌توان گفت که در طول فصل کشت که گلخانه تحت مدیریت مناسب قرار دارد، با نصب چهار تله نوری در هر 1000 متر مربع گلخانه، بیشترین شکار حشره کامل بید گوجه‌فرنگی را در پی داشته و می‌تواند برنامه‌های مدیریت انبوهی این آفت مد نظر قرار گیرد.

Light Trap Density for Capturing the Tomato Leafminer Moth “Tuta absoluta” in Greenhouses

Introduction: Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is considered as the most important tomato pest in the world. The pest is also devastated tomato fields and considered as a big threat for tomato production especially in greenhouses in Iran. The exceptional speed and extent of T. absoluta enforced to use several pest control methods for controlling the damages. The strategies might be applied a complex of different approaches from cultural to biological and finally chemicals control. Chemical pesticides are often used to control this pest, which not only pose a risk for environment, but also is harmful for public health (due to the fresh use of the product). Therefore, the use of other pests control methods should be considered. Mass trapping of the adults are could significantly reduce the percentage of infested leaves and fruits. Given that the adults are nocturnal, they fly towards a light source, since the night light traps are developed to capture adult. The use of light traps is one of the lowcost and lowrisk methods for capturing adult’s moths, and as a consequence of reducing the pest damages.;Methods and Materials: Cylindrical transparent containers (8.5 cm diameter and 15 cm height), which were made from clear plastic (polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) were chosen as traps. For entering the attracted moths, several holes (0.5 cm in diameter) were embedded in the traps walls, except the below part (2.5 cm) that some 0.5% detergent solution were poured in there to entrap the captured moths. Then a BLB bulb was installed in each trap as light sources. The traps were installed at about 70 cm above the infested plants, with four different density (2, 4, 6 and 8 in a 1000 m2 of greenhouses) to find out the best density of traps. The comparisons were done in a completely randomized design with six replications (six days). The light of the traps were turn on from the sunset until next morning. The numbers of captured moths from each trap were recorded and were analyzed using generalized linear models.;Results and Discussion: In the greenhouse assessment in Hormozgan province, the mean numbers of moths were 27.75 in the twotrap and 14.39 in the fourtrap, while for the fourtrap were 11.67 compare to the six traps 7.87, and finally for the sixtrap were 112.67 compare to the eighttrap 113.33. In Qazvin province, the average numbers of moths were 10.93 in the twotrap compare to 13.61 for the four traps, while, the number of moths for the fourtrap were 11.38 and for the sixtrap were 11.91. In the Markazi province (Greenhouse complex of Aveh), the mean numbers of moths were 27.70 for the twotrap treatment and 18.95 for the fourtrap treatment. In the second step, the mean numbers of moths were 8.25 in the fourtrap compare to 9.47 for the sixtraps. Mass tapping is an approach of pest control methods in several crops. This technique is nonpoisonous and nonhazardous to natural enemies as a part of the integrated pest control program, and environmentally friendly. The light traps can captured not only males, but also a large number of females. Therefore, light traps are more effective than conventional pheromonebaited water traps in reducing the damage especially at low/moderate T. absoluta population density. Up to now most of the used light traps for capturing T. absoluta, were installed on the ground. However, the adult’s moths can fly very well (250 matters in two hours) and could fly from one place to another place and disperse easily and quickly. The present study demonstrates the success of mass trapping of T. absoluta by hanging up the light traps above the infested tomato plants.;Conclusion: installing the light trap up to the height of the host plants could capture more adults and could reduce the damages. Based on the results we can say that, during the growing season, four traps light with a BLB source is sufficient for 1000 m2 of greenhouses that should be installed above the plants canopy. This technique can be used in the IPM programs in greenhouses. Where, the isolation of area will strongly raise the chances of the mass trapping methods by reducing the possibility of immigration of adult’s pests from adjacent area. Of course, combination with other pest control methods should also be considered.