تاثیر نانوورقه گرافن‌اکسید بر پرآوری و ریزغده‌زایی درون شیشه‌ای در سیب‌زمینی رقم آگریا

گرافن، نوع جدیدی از نانومواد برپایه کربن است که دارای خواص فیزیکی منحصر به فرد بوده و کاربردهای بیولوژیکی بالقوه مهمی دارا می‌باشد. نانوورقه گرافن‌اکسید (ngo) پتانسیل زیادی در جهت بهبود عملکرد گیاهان در زمینه‌های مختلف نشان داده است. از تکنولوژی تولید ریزغده نیز به‌عنوان ابزاری برای کاهش زمان لازم به‌منظور تولید منابع اقتصادی ‌گیاه، افزایش کیفیت غده‌های بذری و تولید ریزغده در تمام طول ‌سال استفاده می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی تاثیر ngo بر بهبود پرآوری و ریزغده‌زایی سیب‌زمینی رقم ̓آگریا̒ در شرایط درون‌شیشه‌ای بود. بدین منظور ریز نمونه‌های تک گره حاصل از گیاهچه‌های درون شیشه‌ای عاری از ویروس روی محیط کشت موراشیگ و اسکوگ تغییر یافته (ms)، دارای چهار غلظت نانوورقه گرافن‌اکسید (ngo) (صفر، 25، 50 و 75 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار کشت و نگهداری شد و شاخص‌های پرآوری یادداشت‌برداری شد. سپس ریز نمونه‌های تک گره به محیط‌کشت ms با چهار غلظت ngo (صفر، 25، 50 و 75 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) انتقال یافت و به مدت دو ماه در شرایط تاریکی کامل نگهداری شدند، سپس شاخص‌های تولید ریز‌غده اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که غلظت‌های مختلف ngo در هر دو مرحله پرآوری و ریز غده‌زایی، تاثیر معنی‌داری بر روی همه صفات داشت. بین غلظت‌های مختلف ngo، 75 میلی‌گرم برلیتر غلظت ایده‌آل برای برخی از صفات پرآوری از جمله طول و عرض ‌برگ و وزن‌ترگیاهچه بود. تعداد برگ و ظهور شاخساره نیز به‌ترتیب در غلظت‌های 50 و 25 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر ngo تحت تاثیر اثرات مثبت آن قرار گرفتند. کاربرد 25 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر ngo، بهترین غلظت برای تمام صفات ریزغده‌زایی بجز وزن ریزغده بود. اگرچه این آزمایش بدون استفاده از تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد انجام شد اما افزودن ngo به محیط‌کشت موجب افزایش عملکرد پرآوری و ریزغده‌زایی گردید. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد، غلظت‌های 50 و 75 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر ngo ایده‌آل‌ترین غلظت برای مرحله پرآوری و 25 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر ngo مطلوب‌ترین در مرحله ریزغده‌زایی می‌باشند. بنابراین می‌توان ngo را به‌عنوان ابزاری برای ریزازدیادی کارآمد و افزایش کمیت و کیفیت غده‌های بذری سیب زمینی استفاده کرد.

the effect of nanoparticle graphene oxide on micropropagation and in vitro microtuberization in potato (solanum tuberosum cv. agria)

introductiongrapheneis one of the new carbon nanomaterial that has unique physical properties and potentially important biological applications. nanosheet graphene oxide has shown great potential to improve plant performance in various areas. microtuber production technology is also used as a tool to reduce the time needed to produce economic plant resources, increase the quality of seed tubers, and produce microtubers throughout the year. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanosheet graphene oxide on the improvement of micropropagation and microtuberazation in potato var. agria under in vitro conditions. materials and methodssingle node explants obtained from in vitro virus-free plantlet (maintained in tissue culture laboratory, department of horticultural science, university of tabriz) were cultured into modified murashige and skoog (ms) medium containing four concentrations of nanosheet graphene oxide (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/l) carried out in the completely randomized design (crd) with four replications and kept at 25±2 degree centigrade and a photoperiod of 16 hours of light. the proliferation traits such as leaf length, leaf width, plantlet fresh weight, number of leaves and shoots were recorded. then, single node explants were transferred to murashige and skoog (ms) medium with four concentrations of nanosheet graphene oxide (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/liter) and kept for two months in complete darkness and at 18±2 ºc and microtuber production indices such as microtuber number, diameter, length and weight, microtuberization percentage, shoot length, microtuber with dormancy were measured. results and discussionthe results of analysis of variance showed that different concentrations of nanosheet graphene oxide had a significant effect on all traits in proliferation and microtuberization stages. among different levels of nanosheet graphene oxide, application of 75 mg/l showed the best response for leaf length, leaf width, and plantlet fresh weight, followed by 50 mg/l for the number of leaves and shoots, and lastly, 25 mg/l for shoot length. at a concentration higher than 50 mg/l (75 mg/l graphene oxide), the number of leaves not only remained constant but also showed a decreasing trend. effect of different ngo concentrations on the shoot length showed that there was no significant difference between different concentrations of ngo and the shoot length remained constant, but the difference between the control treatment and ngo was significant. the maximum shoot length was obtained at a concentration of 25 mg/l ngo. the different concentrations of ngo had significant effect on all microtuberization traits at 1% probability level. mean comparison results for different concentrations of ngo showed that the highest value of the microtuber length, diameter and number were obtained at 25 mg/liter ngo. however, all microtuber traits were not increased at above 25 mg/liter ngo. with the increase in ngo concentrations, the yield of microtuber weight and microtuberization rate remain constant, and it is also possible that these traits will decrease significantly with the increase ngo concentration. the highest yield of microtuber weight and microtuberization rate were obtained at the 25 mg/l nog, and higher concentrations did not increase them. there was a significant difference between different concentrations of ngo and the control treatment in the number of lateral shoots, so that the maximum number of lateral shoots was obtained at a concentration of 25 mg/l of ngo. also, concentrations above 50 mg/l of ngo had less effect on the number of lateral shoots and with increasing concentration, the number of shoots decreased significantly. the maximum microtuber weight was obtained at high concentrations of ngo. in other words, with the increase of ngo concentration, the microtuber weight increased, and the most effective concentration was 75 mg/l of ngo for this trait. although all concentrations of ngo are favorable for this purpose, it is possible that the concentration of 25 mg/l is the most ngo concentration. conclusionthe results of this research showed that the of 50 and 75 mg/l of nanosheet graphene oxide were the best concentrations micropropagation and microtuberization. 25 mg/l of  nanosheet graphene oxide was most efficient concentration . although these experiments were performed without the use of growth regulators, the addition of nanosheet graphene oxide to the medium increased micropropagation and microtuberization. therefore, nanosheet graphene oxide can be used as a tool for efficient micropropagation and increasing the quantity and quality seed tubers.