همبستگی کانونی صفات مورفولوژی و فیتوشیمیایی پنج رقم ارکیده فالانوپسیس

ارکیده فالانوپسیس یکی از گونه های زیبا و تجاری از خانواده ارکیده بوده و تحقیقات در زمینه خواص دارویی آن اندک است. این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی همبستگی کانونی صفات ریخت شناسی و فیتوشیمیایی پنج رقم ارکیده فالانوپسیس شامل ‘dubrovnik’، ‘memphis’، ‘andorra’، ‘bucharest’ و ‘nottingham’ انجام شد. اندام های برگ و ریشه حاصل از کشت بافت بذر 5 رقم ارکیده در محیط کشت chen در پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل در سال 1399 برداشت شد. فاکتورهای تعداد ریشه، طول ریشه، تعداد برگ و طول برگ اندازه گیری شد. پس از تهیه عصاره اتانولی برگ و ریشه میزان فنول کل، فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و در نهایت همبستگی کانونی بین صفات مورفولوژی و فیتوشیمیایی محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که دو متغیر کانونی اول معنی دار می باشد و متغیر سوم معنی دار نشد. اولین متغیر کانونی دارای بیشترین مقدار ویژه 65.83 است و متغیر دوم و سوم کانونی به ترتیب دارای 4.59 و 0.10 مقادیر ویژه است. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، متغیر کانونی اول با بالاترین مقادیر ویژه، مربع همبستگی کانونی و بیشترین درصد تجمعی باید در تمام صفات ریخت‌شناسی و فیتوشیمیایی مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. متغیرهای کانونی معنی دار در صفات ریخت شناسی، 94 درصد از واریانس کل متغیرهای فیزیولوژیک را برازش می کند. در حالی که متغیرهای کانونی معنی دار در صفات فیتوشیمیایی 100 درصد از واریانس صفات فیتوشیمیایی را برازش می کند. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده و درصد بالای برازش در صفات فیتوشیمیایی می توان نتیجه گرفت صفات فیتوشیمیایی می توانند با دقت بیشتری همبستگی بین صفات را بیان کنند. همچنین معنی داری همبستگی کانونی بین دو گروه متغیر، ارتباط بین صفات فیتوشیمیایی و ریخت شناسی پنج رقم ارکیده فالانوپسیس را نشان داد. به طورکلی آنالیز نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد ارقام ارکیده دارای ترکیبات فنلی و فلاونوئیدی بالایی بوده و بالاترین قدرت مهار رادیکال های آزاد را در همبستگی کانونی داشته اند، می توان از آن ها به عنوان دارو استفاده کرد.

Canonical Correlation between Morphological and Phytochemical Characteristics of Five Varieties of Phalaenopsis Orchids

Introduction Phalaenopsis is one of the beautiful and commercial species of orchid family that there is little research on its medicinal properties. Phalaenopsis orchids can be grown outdoors in warm, humid conditions that are damp but not wet, in a location that is shady but bright. Since the introduction of orchid meristem culture in 1960, branching in micropropagation methods develop based on using two clearly different culture schemes. It have been used from medicinal properties of orchids for antirheumatic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, antiseizure, diuretic, nutrient protection, relaxation, antiaging, wound healing, hypoglycemia, antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidants and antidiarrhea.Material and Methods The purpose of this study was to evaluate the canonical correlation between morphological and phytochemical characteristics of five phalaenopsis orchid varieties: Nottingham, Bucharest, Andorra, Memphis, and Dubrovnik. Micropropagation of orchid seeds was performed after sterilization of capsules by bleach and ethanol. Leaf and root organs of 5 orchid varieties were harvested from Chen medium in Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, on 2020. The sliced samples were dried in an oven at 50 °C for 72 hours, after separating the leaves and roots of each variety. The powdered leaves and roots of each variety (5 g) were separately immersed in 50 ml of ethanol for 24 hours at room temperature. Then the extracts were placed on a shaker at room temperature at 120 rpm.Result and Discussion The results showed that the first two canonical variables were significant and third variable was not significant. The first canonical variable has the highest special value of 65.83 and the second and third canonical variables have 4.59 and 0.10 special values, respectively. According to this research the first canonical variable with the highest special values, square of canonical correlation and the most cumulative percentages should be studied in all morphological and phytochemical characteristics. Significant canonical correlation in morphological characteristics fit 94% of the total variance of physiological variables, while significant canonical variables in phytochemical characteristics fit 100% of the variance of phytochemical characteristics. Due to the fact that phalaenopsis orchid flower has many leaf and root wastes, the findings of this study show that due to the medicinal properties of this plant, we can reduce the waste of this plant in greenhouses and production centers of this flower. In this study, the amount of phenol, flavonoid and antioxidants were determined. Also the relationship between morphological and phytochemical traits showed that this plant has medicinal properties. The lowest number of leaves belongs to Memphis variety and the highest number of leaves belongs to Nottingham variety, among the studied varieties. Therefore, it can be concluded that the roots are longer and shorter in orchid varieties with white (Nottingham) and purple (Memphis) flower respectively. Also, the second focal variable of root trait with the highest coefficient had a negative correlation with the number of leaves and root length, which shows that in the second correlation of the number of leaves and root length, the number of roots will decrease. In the second focal variable, the number of roots had a positive focal correlation with leaf length. That is, the closer we get to the second center of correlations between morphological traits, the more direct and positive becomes the relationship between root number and leaf length traits.Conclusion According to the results and high percentage of fitness in phytochemical characteristics, it can be concluded that phytochemical traits can more precisely express the correlation between the traits. Also it showed significance of canonical correlation between two variable groups, the relationship between phytochemical and morphological traits of five varieties of phalaenopsis orchid. In general, the results of this study showed orchid varieties have high phenolic and flavonoid compounds and have the highest restraint power of free radical in canonical correlation, and they can be used as medicine. In this study, it was found that Phalaenopsis orchid varieties had phenolic content and good antioxidant capacity relatively and there was a high positive correlation between morphological and phytochemical traits and enhanced with adding the plant’s length or number of leaves containing phytochemical compounds. Also, according to the results of this study and similar findings in other research, it was found that the production of secondary metabolites of orchids and other plants under the influence of genetic and environmental conditions can affect the production and amounts of chemical compounds and medicinal performance of plants.