کاربرد برگی نانو ذرات کلات روی، بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی توت‌فرنگی رقم ’سابرینا‘ در شرایط محلول‌دهی متفاوت

کمبود آب یکی از منابع مهم تنش های غیرزنده است، به طوری که باعث کاهش رشد، نمو و عملکرد در طول مراحل رویشی و زایشی می گردد. پژوهش ها نشان داده است که استفاده از نانو کودها می تواند ضمن کاهش میزان مصرف کود به دلیل جذب بالاتر آن به علت سطح ویژه زیاد، در جهت بدست آوردن عملکرد بالا مفید واقع شوند. در این پژوهش، به منظور بررسی تاثیر نانو ذرات کلات روی بر برخی از ویژگی های کمی و کیفی توت فرنگی رقم ’سابرینا‘ در شرایط کم محلول دهی (مقادیر متفاوت محلول غذایی: 90، 110 و 130 میلی لیتر)، بوته های توت فرنگی با نانو ذرات کلات روی (صفر، 1 و 1/5گرم در لیتر) محلول پاشی شدند. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی اجرا گردید. در پایان دوره آزمایش صفاتی از قبیل کلروفیل a وb  برگ، ph، اسیدیته کل، مواد جامد محلول، کاروتنوئید کل، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، وزن، طول و عرض میوه و عملکرد بوته مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بر همکنش تیمارهای کم محلول دهی و تیمار استفاده از نانو ذرات کلات روی بر وزن میوه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و عملکرد معنی دار بود، به طوری‌که بیشترین میزان، در تیمار 130 میلی لیتر محلول غذایی و در غلظت 1/5 گرم در لیتر نانو ذرات کلات روی مشاهده گردید. همچنین، در صفات طول و عرض میوه، ph، اسیدیته کل، مواد جامد محلول، کلروفیل a و b و کاروتنوئید کل اثرات اصلی تیمار محلول دهی و تیمار نانو ذرات کلات روی در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنی دار بودند. به طوری که در تیمار نانو ذرات کلات روی، بیشترین میزان این صفات در غلظت 1/5 گرم در لیتر نانو ذرات و در تیمار کم محلول دهی نیز بیشترین میزان، در تیمار شاهد (محلول دهی کامل) مشاهده شد. به طور کلی نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، نشان داد که غلظت 1/5 گرم بر لیتر نانو ذرات کلات روی، بیشترین تاثیر را در افزایش عملکرد توت فرنگی رقم ’سابرینا‘ تحت شرایط کم محلول دهی داشت.

Foliar Application of Zinc Chelate Nanoparticles on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sabrina Strawberry Cultivar in Different Solubilization Conditions

Introduction Strawberry with the scientific name Fragaria × ananassa Dutch from the Rosaceae family is an important commercial fruit in the world, which is widely considered in terms of nutrition due to its rich content of vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. Water scarcity stress is one of the important sources of abiotic stresses, so that it reduces growth, development and yield during the vegetative, reproductive and maturing stages of the crop. Studies have shown that application of nanofertilizers can be useful in order to achieve high yield while reducing the amount of fertilizer consumption due to its higher absorption due to its high specific surface area. Despite its low consumption, zinc is involved in chromosome synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, sugartostarch conversion, protein metabolism, auxin metabolism, pollen grain formation, biological membrane preservation, and resistance to infections by pathogens. Zinc is also needed for chlorophyll production, pollen grain yield, fertility and pollen grain germination. Zinc as a coenzyme is also involved in the activation of many enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites. The use of zinc nanoparticles can have very positive effects on the quantitative and qualitative properties of strawberry fruit during low solubilityMaterials and MethodsThe present study was conducted in the greenhouses of the Department of Horticulture, Urmia University.Sabrina cultivar strawberry seedlings were planted in culture bags containing 50% cocopeat, 25% pithomass and 25% perlite in three rows containing 27 plants and evenly pruned. The first week was used to establish the plants from water, the second week to the sixth week for vegetative growth of halfconcentrated Hoagland solution and from the seventh week to the end of the harvest period, depending on the stages of flowering to fruiting, modified Hoagland nutrient solution was used. By calculating the amount of solution output from each nozzle and the amount of each plant need, the time required for solution was calculated and this time was divided into 5 times a day and was automatically pumped to the foot of each plant. To apply low solubility stress, the first row (without stress) was used with solution 5 times a day, the second row with solution 4 times a day and the third row with solution 3 times a day. Foliar application of different concentrations of zinc chelate nanoparticles was performed once a week (5 times) after pruning of primary flowers, from the fourteenth to the eighteenth week. Zinc chelate nanoparticles were used in three levels (0, 1 and 1.5 g / l) and nutrient solution treatment was performed in three levels (90, 110 and 130 ml) daily. Then fruits that were more than 70% colored were harvested and different quantitative and qualitative characteristics were measured. At the end of the experiment, fruit weight was measured using a digital scale, fruit length and width by caliper, fruit acidity by pH meter, titratable acids by titration method and TSS by refractometer. Chlorophyll a, b and total carotenoids were also measured using Dynamica spectrophotometer (HALODB20) according to Lichtanthaler wallborn (1985). Also, fresh weight of shoots and roots were measured in the last stage after fruit harvest. For this purpose, the plants were completely removed from the bed and the roots were washed with water and then exposed to air to remove moisture. The aerial parts were then separated from the roots and weighed 0.001 g by digital scale. To measure dry weight, the roots and aerial parts were placed separately in the bag and then placed in a 70 ° oven for 72 hours and then weighed 0.001 g with a digital scale.Results and Discussion The results showed that the interaction effect of low solubility treatment and zinc chelate nanoparticles treatment on fruit weight, shoot dry weight and yield was significant, so that the highest amount was in the treatment of 130 ml of nutrient solution and concentration of 1.5 g / l of zinc chelate nanoparticles. Also in fruit length and width, pH, TA, TSS, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids, the main effects of low solubility treatment and of chelate nanoparticles were significant. As in the treatment of chelate nanoparticles, the highest amount of these traits was observed in the concentration of 1.5 g / l nanoparticles and in the low solubility factor, the highest amount was observed in the control treatment (complete solubility).Conclusion Low solubility stress reduced the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of strawberry fruit. The use of different concentrations of nanochelate zinc improved these properties, so that the greatest effect was related to the concentration of 1.5 g per liter of nanoparticles. This concentration increased the yield of the product more than 1.6 times compared to the control sample in complete solution and more than 1.7 times compared to the low solution. Also, the growth traits studied were significantly increased by the use of nanoparticles. These nanoparticles also improved the taste of the fruit by reducing the acidity and increasing the soluble solids.