سخن دستور گریزِ موثر در تاریخ جهانگشای جوینی

کتاب تاریخ جهانگشای جوینی (658 ق)، از مهمترین کتب تاریخی دورۀ مغول است که شاید بتوان آن را از نظر زمان، مرتبه و ارزش تاریخی و ادبی بر دیگر آثار مشابه متقدّم دانست. از جمله علل اصلی این برتری را بی‌شک، می‌باید در ادبیّت متن بررسی کرد. ادبیّت متن به عوامل گوناگونی وابسته است که از جملۀ آنها می‌توان به نظم هنری (ساختِ نحویِ دستورگریز) اشاره کرد. نظم هنری، با نظم پایه (ساختِ نحویِ دستورمند)، متفاوت است. نظم نحوی دستورگریز، به کیفیت زیباشناختی در نحو سخن اختصاص دارد که در فرآیند هنری‌شدن سخن و شکل‌گیریِ ادبیّت آن نقش مهمی را ایفا می‌کند. این دستورگریزی هنری، از رهگذر فرایند هنجارگریزی نحوی شکل می‌گیرد و مبتنی بر چهار اصلِ جابه‌جایی، جانشینی، کاهش و افزایش است. این پژوهش با هدف شناخت هرچه بیشتر و بهتر ویژگی‌های نثر فنی و با بررسی چهار اصل مذکور در کتاب تاریخ‌جهانگشا به این نتایج دست یافت که هنجارگریزی نحوی، گرچه سبب دستورگریزی شده، باعث برجستگی سخن و تاثیر زیباشناختی آن شده ‌است. همچنین نتیجۀ این بررسی نشان از آن دارد که عطاملک ‌جوینی در این دستوری‌گریزی موثر در کتاب تاریخ‌جهانگشا، از اصلِ «افزایش»، در قالب جملات معترضه، به‌وجهی هنرمندانه‌تر بهره‌ برده و آن را به یک ویژگی برجستۀ سبکی و رفتار ویژۀ زبانی بدل کرده است.

an effective evasive speech in the history of jahangosha joveyni

the historical book, jahangosha joveyni (658 ah/1279 ad), as a historical work, is left to us from the mongol period, which surpasses its counterparts in terms of its historical and literary value, and age. this superiority can be attributed to the literary qualities of the text, particularly its artistic order, which distinguishes it from the standard syntactic construction. the artistic order characterized by ungrammatical syntactic construction contributes to the aesthetic quality of the text, thus, a contribution to artistic expression and literary significance. disregarding grammatical rules in syntax is accomplished through the four 1) displacement, 2) substitution, 3) reduction, and 4) addition axiomatic principles. by assessing jahangosha’s history, it is revealed that though this syntactic grammatical rule avoidance led to unconventional syntax, it enhanced the prominence and aesthetic effect of the text. joveyni artistically applied the principle of &addition& through protest sentences, transforming them into distinctive stylistic features and unique linguistic performances. the effect of disregarding grammatical rules by joveyni, which highlights the artistic and aesthetic value of his work, is assessed in this article. introduction‏ ‏according to (safa, 1984, p. 4/49), atamalek joveyni is one of the most prominent historians of the 7th century (h). his renowned work, the tarikh jahangosha, is regarded as one of the most trustworthy historical accounts of iran during the mongols’ reign. referred to as &the history of genghis&, this work is considered the most comprehensive and accurate record of the mongol conquest era (iqbal ashtiyani, 1986, p. 485). next to its historical significance, jahangosha’s history holds literary and artistic values. a significant aspect of this claim lies in its & literature wording.& during the assessment of this work, the focus shifts from the verbal and spiritual arrangements of words to their sentence structure. this structure is manifested in the two ordered (following grammatical structure constructions) and unordered (seemingly ungrammatical, yet effective and beautiful) forms. the literary essence of the wording is rooted in its grammatical non-normative essence and the author focuses on artistic order, especially the construction of ungrammatical sentences in the wording.as to recognizing the importance of assessing the unordered sentence structure in creating effective wording, the objective here is to identify the features of jahangosha’s history. in this study, it is sought to answer the following questions:1- which are the effective orders in disregarding the grammatical orders in jahangosha’s history?2- what is the most significant aspect of grammatical deviation affecting the jahangosha’s history structure?based on this foundation, the artistic manipulation in sentences in jahangosha’s history is assessed through the four 4: 1) displacement (advancing, delaying, and repositioning sentence components), 2) substitution (such as replacing one adjective with another), 3) reduction (deletion), and 4) addition (objective sentences) processes. method and materialthe method adopted in this study is descriptive-analytic. the theoretical framework is based on dr. fotuhi’s (2017) categorization of the processes of experiencing effective grammar; his objective was to assess the characteristics of the effective phrasing style of atamalek joveyni in jahangosha’s history. the primary objective of this study is to present the processes of artistic manipulation in phrasing, with minimal engagement with innovative and spiritual terms in mind. findingsthe findings indicate that joveyni was aware of the essentiality of manipulating the word arrangement in sentences when composing the history of jahangosha. he demonstrated the realization of this craft concerning his words. when writing in an orderly manner, which was consistently well in his wording, he occasionally used phrases and sentences featuring obvious grammatical shifts, thus, contributing to the enhanced literature of the text in its aesthetic sense.grammatical manipulations are primarily implemented through the four: 1) substitution, 2) displacement, 3) reduction, and 4) additions processes, where the most prevalent process is the artistic grammatical deviation, the addition. these artistic slight differences directly influenced the aesthetic values of the jahangosha’s history, by contributing to its enduring fame and significance throughout history. result, discussion, and conclusionthe structure of word order in a sentence is categorized into: ordered (following grammatical rules) and unordered (arranged in an ungrammatical yet effective and aesthetically pleasing manner) sequences. in the persian language, the parts of speech are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and propositions (ahmadi givi anvari, 2017, p. 2). in an ordered sequence, the mind is subject to horizontal order where a systematic movement from one word to the next is evident. when this linear process adheres to the grammatical dependencies of words, it forms a natural order known as the basic order, which represents the standard arrangement of words in their original positions within the sentence structure. the arrangement of sentence components in an unordered or artistic order is subject to emotional aspects, the significance of components, and usually, the author’s style and text. according to (vahidiyan kamyar omrani, 2000, p. 33), in this method, words are often rearranged to have a greater effect and follow grammatical rules. this rearrangement, next to detracting from the original message, amplifies its influence and delivery.in an artistic order, wording deviates from the basic rules of grammar, where the rules are considered as the criteria for correctness and coherence of wording, but due to this deviation, it becomes unordered. this syntactic abnormality has aesthetic effects and qualities in a given text. by manipulating the linear and horizontal movement of wording and repositioning the sentence components, stimulates thought and may even surprise the reader.considering the theme of the book, the structure of the words in the history of jahangosha joveyni corresponds to the standard order. joveyni’s artistry is based on the virtual axis of wording, companionship axis, and word artistic arrangement. this artistic arrangement is rooted in &customary terms.& these effective grammatical deviations are observed in the introduction of the book chapters and the descriptions where the author seeks to showcase his valor and artistry in writing, making his words more effective.this artistic arrangement is centered around &traditional terms.& these deliberate grammatical deviations are featured in the introductory sections of the book chapters prominently, and in the author’s descriptions, to make his words more effective.it is revealed that although joveyni’s method of narrating many historical events closely corresponds with the standard or basic order of the persian language, he enhanced the literary aspect of jahangosha as a lasting historical work by applying different techniques, including his effective grammar avoidance.