کارکردهای موتیف‏های تلمیحی انبیا در غزلیات صائب تبریزی

موتیف از اصطلاحات رایج در حوزة علم و هنر و ادبیات است. مهم‏ترین ویژگی موتیف تکرار و معنی‏افزایی است و یکی از ابزارهای مناسب برای نقد و تحلیل صوری و محتوایی آثار است. صائب تبریزی بزرگ‏ترین شاعر غزلسرای سبک هندی است. موتیف‏ها در غزل او بسامد بسیاری دارد. کاربرد این موتیف‏ها می‏تواند بیانگر ذهنیّت شاعر و نیز تصویری از جریان‏های فکری و اندیشگی زمانة او باشد. موتیف انبیا از پرکاربردترین موتیف‏های تلمیحی شعر او هستند. در این مقاله کارکردهای موتیف‏های انبیا در غزلیات صائب بررسی می‏شود. شاعر از این موتیف‏ها برای بیان اندیشه‏ها و ذهنیّت‏های متعددی سود جسته ‏است. صائب در کاربرد موتیف‏های انبیا همه‏جا به دیدگاه و نظر متقدمین دربارة پیامبران و عناصر مربوط به آنها مقید نمانده و خود در این زمینه به نوآوری دست زده است. کارکرد موتیف‏های انبیا در شعر صائب به استفادة تلمیحی آنها محدود نشده و جنبه‏های متنوع‏تری از این موتیف‏ها مدّنظر قرار گرفته ‏است. صائب در موتیف‏های انبیا افزون‏بر تلمیح به قصص قرآنی و کتاب‏ها و نظریات گذشتگان، خود به دریافت‏های جدیدی در این زمینه رسیده ‏است که حاصل ژرف‏نگری‏ها و تلاش‏ها و آفرینش‏های هنری اوست. نگاه جدید و خلاقانة او به پدیده‏ها، کارکردهای اخلاقی و اجتماعی، دریافت‏ها و کارکردهای عرفانی، تناقض‏ها، استفادة متفاوت از موتیف‏ها، خوارمایگی موتیف‏های انبیا، کارکردهای صوری و زیبایی‏شناسانه، نقد شعر و... مهم‏ترین کارکرد موتیف‏های انبیا در شعر صائب است.

Functions of the Allusive Motifs of Prophets in Saeb Tabrizi’s Lyric Poems

AbstractMotif is a common term in the field of science, art, and literature. It is one of the tools for formal and content critiques and analysis of works. Knowing motifs helps to better understand the poets’ poems. By studying and classifying motifs, one can study the evolution of annihilation and survival of motifs in the literature of a country or a period or in different periods and people.  Saeb Tabrizi is the greatest poet composing lyric poems of Indian style. The motifs in his sonnets have a high frequency. The use of these motifs can reflect the poet’s mentality, as well as a picture of the intellectual events of his time. The motifs of prophets are among the most widely used allusive motifs in his poetry. In this study, we examined the functions of the motifs of prophets in Saeb’s sonnets. The poet used such motifs to express various thoughts and mentalities.IntroductionMotif is a common term in various fields and is defined differently in each field. It is part of a literary work, the most important feature of which is repetition and induction of meaning. Examining motifs in the critique and analysis of literary works is useful to know various aspects of the forms and contents of works. By studying and classifying motifs, one can study the evolution of annihilation and survival of motifs in the literature of a country or a period or different periods and people. Saeb, as the most prominent poet of the Safavid era, was one of those poets, who revived new concepts and themes. Despite a lot of research on Saeb’s poetry, no complete list of Saeb’s poetry has been prepared to serve as the basis for the related research and identify the various aspects of his life and poetry. In this study, we tried to examine the allusive motifs and among them, the most widely used motif, namely the motifs of prophets. An allusive motif is part of the meaning or theme of a work of art with an allusion to a story, verse, or hadith, the most important feature of which is repetition, meaning enhancement, and guiding to reach the layers of the author’s text and thought.Materials MethodsCollection of materials in this research was based on the library method. First, we presented the theoretical foundations of the research, including a definition of the important terms and keywords in the research field. Then, we examined verses (the main source of this research was Saeb Tabrizi’s Divan edited by Mohammad Ghahraman). Next, we extracted and categorized the Persian lyric poems (7015 lyric poems), in which the motifs of prophets were mentioned. Afterwards, we analyzed and interpreted each motif separately. Finally, we identified their functions.Discussion of Results ConclusionsThe poet used the studied motifs to express various thoughts and mentalities. In the use of motifs of the prophets, Saeb was not bound by the ancients’ views and opinions about the prophets and their related elements everywhere; rather, he made innovations in this field. The motifs of prophets in Saeb’s poetry played a prominent role in the creation of themes. In addition to alluding to the Qur’anic stories and the past poets’ books and opinions, Saeb himself reached new insights in this field, which were the result of his efforts and artistic creations. His new and creative view of phenomena made moral and social functions, mystical perceptions and functions, contradictions, different uses of motifs, ignorance of the motifs of prophets, formal and aesthetic functions of poetry, poetry criticism, etc. as the most important functions of the motifs of prophets in his poetry.The functions of the motifs of prophets in Saeb’s poetry were not limited to their implicit uses. Rather, more diverse aspects of these motifs were considered.