اسرائیلیات در انیس ‏المریدین و شمس‏ المجالس با نگاهی تطبیقی به برخی از تفاسیر سده های نخست اسلامی

ماجراهای جذاب و پُر رمز و راز زندگی حضرت یوسف (ع) و نیز ایجاز قرآن در بیان قصه‌ این پیامبر الهی، مجالی گسترده برای ورود برخی اخبار عهد عتیق به تفسیرهای قرآنی و متون تاریخ اسلامی فراهم کرده است. یکی از این آثار،‌ انیس المریدین و شمس‌ المجالس، تفسیری صوفیانه به زبان فارسی، است که به‌تازگی و برای نخستین‌بار تصحیح و منتشر شده است. تعداد بسیاری از روایات اسرائیلی در این متن وجود دارد. اغلب آنها در روایاتِ مربوط به این بخش‎های داستانی دیده می‌شود: ماجرای هم‏زادگی و خصومت یعقوب و برادرش عیص؛ چندوچون و نام همسران و فرزندان یعقوب؛ رویاهای چندگانه‌ یوسف؛ نام و نشان برادری که نقشه‌ قتل یوسف را برهم زد؛ برهنگی یوسف پیش از به چاه افکندن؛ خشکی چاه؛ آغشتن پیراهن با خون بزغاله؛ نام و نشان عزیز مصر؛ محبوبیّت یوسف نزد زندان‏بان و زندانیان؛ تعبیر خواب دو هم‎بندِ یوسف؛ تعداد و نام فرزندان یوسف؛ دُرشتی یوسف با برادران در مصر؛ گروگان‎گیری شمعون؛ مهمانی یوسف برای برادران؛ میانجیگری یهودا در رهایی بنیامین؛ پیشکشی اسباب انتقال اهل و عیال یعقوب برای سفر به مصر؛ بندگی مصریان برای یوسف و ماجرای وفات و خاک‌سپاری یعقوب. بررسی تطبیقی انیس المریدین و شمس المجالس با برخی از تفسیرهای کهن دیگر، از مشابهت این اثر با بیشتر آنها در بسیاری از روایات اسرائیلی، البته گاه با تفاوت‎هایی جزئی، خبر می‎‎‎‎دهد. این نوشتار به روش کتابخانه‏ای از میان روش‏های تحقیق کیفی و با شناخت و بررسی محتوای اثر به دست آمده است.

Israeli Narrations in Anis al-Moridin and Shams al-Majalis with a Comparative Look at Some Works in the Interpretation of the Qur’an in Early Islam

AbstractSome works of Muslims in the interpretation of the Qur’an and the history of prophets have been influenced by the Torah and Jewish historical books. One of these works is Anis alMoridin and Shams alMajalis. It is a  ‪Mystic interpretation in Persian that has recently been edited and published for the first time. We have found many Israeli narrations in this work. Most of them are in the narrations related to the following parts of the story: the story of the birth of Jacob and his twin brother named Eis and their enmity; some descriptions about the numbers and the names of Jacob’s wives and their children;  some of Joseph’s childhood dreams in which he saw his superiority;  the name of one of Joseph’s brothers who prevented him from being killed; Joseph’s nakedness before his brothers threw him into the well, the dryness of the well; Joseph’s selling to the caravan passengers and his price; dipping Joseph’s shirt in the goat blood; Jacob’s crying and waiting impatiently for Yusuf;  the name of the King of Egypt such as Potiphar; the prisoner and prison officer’s love for Joseph; the number and name of Joseph’s children; the vehemence of Joseph with his brothers in his palace in Egypt, and so on. This comparative study concluded that Israeli narrations have been used extensively in Anis alMoridin and Shams alMajalis, like some other ancient books.Introduction&Israel& is one of the names of Jacob; the supreme ancestor of the Jews. &Israiliyat& in Qur’anic interpretation literature means ancient stories and myths as well as superstitions in historical and interpretive narrations of Muslims that are taken from Jewish sources. Most of these false narrations are related to the life stories of the previous prophets. Among them, the life of Prophet Joseph is very important. The theme of love is prominent in this surah. There are also many mystical, moral, educational, and social concepts in this surah. The Torah has provided a wide field for the entry of many myths and superstitions into the Muslim’s book. One of these works is Anis alMoridin and Shams alMajalis that has recently been edited by the author of the present study and published for the first time. This work is one of the Sufi interpretations in Persian in which the Surah Yusuf is interpreted with a mystical approach. In this work, while expressing mystical points, anecdotes, and verses, the life adventures of this prophet are narrated in a sweet and pleasant way.Materials and MethodsThis research has used the library method and comparative analysis of the materials. We read all the texts of Anis alMoridin and Shams alMajalis to find Israeli narrations. Before that, we read the text of the Torah and the Qur’an precisely. In this way, we could understand the details of the story of Joseph in the Torah but not in the Qur’an. Then, we read this story in some other Persian works in the interpretation of the Qur’an in the first Islamic centuries and compared these books with Anis alMoridin and Shams alMajalis.We found many of Israeli narratives in Anis alMoridin and Shams alMajalis. Most of them are in the narrations related to the following parts of the story: 1) the story of the birth of Jacob and his twin brother named Eis and their enmity, 2) some descriptions about the numbers and the names of Jacob’s wives and their children, 3) some of Joseph’s childhood dreams in which he saw his superiority, 4) the name of one of Joseph’s brothers who prevented from him being killed, 5) Joseph’s nakedness before his brothers threw him into the well, 6) the dryness of the well, 7) Joseph’s selling to the caravan passengers and his price, 8) dipping Joseph’s shirt in the goat blood, 9) Jacob’s crying and waiting impatiently for Yusuf, 10) the name of the King of Egypt as Potiphar, 11) the prisoner and prison officer’s love for Joseph, 12) the number and names of Joseph’s children, 13) the vehemence of Joseph with his brothers in his palace in Egypt, 14) capturing Simon by Josep, 15) Joseph’s party for his brothers, 16) Judah’s intercession for saving Benjamin, 17) sending travel items to Jacob and his children from Egypt to Canaan by Joseph, and finally 18) the story of Jacob’s death and burial.Discussion of Results and Conclusions This study concluded that Israeli narrations have been used extensively in Anis alMoridin and Shams alMajalis. A number of the stories in this work that are related to his childhood and even before the birth of Joseph in Canaan and the period of his reign in Egypt are undoubtedly influenced by the Torah. Of course, not all the exaggerated and mythical narratives of this work exist in the Torah. Rather, in many cases, the author’s imagination has led to the creation of mythical stories. Considering the multiplicity of Israeli narrations in this work, it seems that the author has an ‘Akhbari’ perspective and theologically belongs to the Ash’arite school.A comparative study of Israeli narrations in this work and some other Persian works in the interpretation of the Qur’an in the first centuries shows that the use of the narrations in question is not limited to the text of Anis alMoridin and Shams alMajalis. Most of the Israeli narrations in this text are common to other books, and in a few of them there are slight differences between Anis alMoridin and Shamsh alMajalis and other interpretations like the Tafsire Surabadi, Rawd alJennan and Ruh alJannan, Kashf alAsrar and oddah alAbrar,  Ghessee Yusuf and ons alMuridin and Rawdah alMuhebin. Of course, it is not possible to comment definitively on Anis alMoridin and Shams alMajalis, the time of which is unknown.