تحلیل ساختاری و معنایی برخی اعلام ترکی تاریخ جهانگشای جوینی

تاریخ جهانگشای جوینی کتابی ارزشمند در تاریخ مغول، خوارزمشاهیان و اسماعیلیان الموت از عطاملک جوینی (متوفی 681 ق) است. به‌سبب پرداختن به دقایق تاریخی و اجتماعی آن دوره، در این اثر اسم‌های بسیاری از پادشاهان، وزرا و بزرگان عصر یاد شده است که بسیاری از آنها به زبان ترکی و مغولی است. متاسفانه به‌سبب ناآشنایی با زبان ترکی، تلفظ نادرست بسیاری از این اعلام حتی در میان صاحب‌نظران تاریخ و ادبیات رواج یافته و در بسیاری از اوقات موجب درک نادرست معنای آن اسامی شده است. با توجه به اهمیت تلفظ اعلام در خوانش صحیح متن و درک معنای درست آنها، پژوهندگان این مقاله کوشیده‌اند در تحقیقی کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی با استناد به فرهنگ لغت‌های ترکی و استفاده از دلایل منطقی زبانی مانند وارسی ریشه‌ کلمات، ارجاع به هم‌خانواده‌ها، جانشینی در ترکیبات و جملات دیگر و مصاحبه با سالمندان مناطق مختلف ترک‌زبان بتوانند خوانش صحیح برخی از اعلام این کتاب و معنای نزدیک به واقع آنها را تبیین کنند. بدین منظور بیست و پنج اسم خاص از اعلام این کتاب که در سایر شروح و مقالات، اشتباهاتی در خوانش یا توضیح معنای آنها وجود داشت، همراه با مواردی مشتمل بر نکات زبانی انتخاب و شرح شد.

The Structural and Semantic Analysis of some Turkish Names in Tārīkh-e Jahāngushāy-e Juvayni

Abstract          Tārīkhe Jahāngushāye Juvayni is a valuable book in the history of the Mongols, the Khwarazmian dynasty, and the Ismailis of Alamut by Ata Malik Juvayni. Because of the detailed historical and social issues of that period, names of many of the kings, ministers and great men of that time have been mentioned in the book and many of them are Turkish and Mongolian. Unfortunately, due to the lack of familiarity with the Turkish language, many of these names have been spelled incorrectly even among scholars of history and literature. They, in many cases, have misunderstood the meaning of those names. Given the importance of correct pronouncing of names in reading the text and understanding their correct meaning, this research is a library and field study based on the dictionary of Turkish words, and the use of logical linguistic reasons such as word root verification, referencing to synonyms, using in other sentences, and interviews with scholars from different Turkish speaking regions with the aim of explaining some names in this book and their relatively correct meanings. For this purpose, twentyfive names in this book that contained mistakes in other descriptions and articles in pronouncing or explaining their meaning and some names containing linguistic points were selected and explained.   Introduction The entry of Turkish words into Persian has a long history. Therefore, in order to better understand some courses in Persian literature, we need to know the words that come from Turkish. One of these types of words involved are names,  that the knowledge of their meanings may not have a direct effect on the meaning of the text, but having a correct understanding of their meanings can lead to a deeper understanding of the culture and its origins. Reading the text correctly will lead to a stronger connection between the audience and the text. Tārīkhe Jahāngushāye Juvayni is one of the valuable books of Persian literature, which in addition to its historical significance, is an important literary work in terms of linguistic issues and topics such as comparative linguistics and the study of the influence of languages ​​on each other. According to the above explanations, the purpose of this study was to describe the correct pronunciation and the meaning of some of the Turkish names in Tārīkhe Jahāngushā.   Material Methods This research has been done by the descriptiveanalytical method based on library and field studies. For this purpose, after reviewing the names in Tārīkhe Jahāngushā and the explanations written on some of them in the related justifications and articles, a set of names were selected. In this selection, the priority was given to names that were not properly understood in other sources. In the next step, in addition to using dictionaries, in case of need, the desired names were explained using field research and the knowledge of Turkish and Turkmen scholars and according to the structure of the words. In order to facilitate the pronunciation of the names, the phonetic symbols and Persian and English examples have been used.   Discussion of Results Conclusions This research described pronouncing and meaning of names like ‘Bæla bitæktʃi’ that means a writer and a reporter, ‘Tutar oɤul’ that means an attractive and influential boy, ‘Sulamәʃ’ that means bathed and some other names in Tārīkhe Jahāngushā. In some cases, several possible meanings of a name were also mentioned. For example, in the description of the word ‘ArƔasun’, the two meanings of support as well as the river, which was rooted in the attention to the nature for naming children, or the two meanings of the new moon in the sky and the original land for ‘Köka Ilkaj’ were provided. Also in some cases like Ajdoɤmәʃ, Bærkjariɣ, Otkin, Tæb taŋri and Kökʤe, previous explanations have been criticized on the basis of lexical and grammatical evidence. For example, contrary to Khatami’s opinion, Bærkjariɣ means a person who have a strong armor. Or, Otkin means the one who takes the fire to the stove, not God of fire, as Mousavi said. This article also discussed the unique details of the correct meaning of sobæktegin and tegin and the reason for calling Chengis Khan’s eldest son as ʤuʤi and calling Temuchin as ʦanŋiz xan. However, the lack of such studies has led to many mistakes in pronouncing and understanding the meaning of Turkish words and some of them which have even been mentioned in the descriptions. It is hoped that with the description of other names in this book by wellknown researchers, the exact themes of both Persian and Turkish languages ​​will endure.