واکاوی چند لغزش در اغراض‌السّیاسه با تاکید بر یک نسخه‌ خطی نویافته

واژه‌ها در متون ادب فارسی به دلایل متفاوتی مانند نسخه‌نویسی‌های فراوان، رسم‌الخط‌های گوناگونِ نسخه‌ها، نسخه‌های ناخوانا از یک اثر و دخل و تصرف کاتبان به تصحیف و تحریف دچار می‌شود. آثار یک نویسنده یا شاعر و ویژگی‌های سبکی او، دیوان‌های دیگر شاعران، علاوه‌بر نسخه‌های خطی یک اثر، می‌تواند در تصحیح آن اثر نقش موثری داشته باشد. اغراض‌السّیاسه فی اعراض‌الرّیاسه تالیف ظهیری سمرقندی نیز از متونی است که در گذر زمان دچار تصحیفات و تحریفات فراوانی شده است. جعفر شعار با در اختیار داشتن یک نسخه‌ خطی و سه نسخه‌ عکسی از اغراض‌السّیاسه، ولی بدون بهره‌گیری از همه‌ نسخه‌ها، به تصحیح این اثر اقدام کرد و آن را در سال 1349 برای نخستین‌بار به چاپ رساند. استفاده‌نکردن از نسخه‌ خطی مشکوه‌ در تصحیح و مسامحه در امانت‌داری نسبت‌به آثار عکسی اغراض‌السّیاسه، شتاب‌زدگی در تصحیح و ضعف حروف‌چینی متن نیز سبب ایجاد لغزش‌هایی در متن این کتاب شده است. نگارندگان در این مقاله می‌کوشند تا با بررسی شماری از ضبط‌های اغراض‌السّیاسه به‌ویژه نسخه‌ خطی نویافته‌ موجود در کتابخانه‌ خانقاه احمدی شیراز و با مراجعه به آثار دیگر ظهیری سمرقندی (سندبادنامه و غره‌‌الالفاظ) و دیوان‌های برخی از شاعران، چند لغزش در متن چاپ‌شده‌ اغراض‌السّیاسه را بررسی و تصحیح کنند.

Investigating some Errors in Aghraz Al-Seyasah by emphasizing a Newly-discovered Manuscript

The words in the Persian literary texts have been distorted because of various reasons such as multiple duplications, different orthographies, and illegible manuscripts. The works of a writer or a poet and his/her stylistic attributes, Divans (collections) of other poets, in addition to different manuscripts of a work can have effective roles in their corrections. Aghraz AlSeyasah Fi A’araz AlReyasah written by Zahiri Samarghandi is also among books which have been distorted over time. Jaafar Sheảr by using four manuscripts (one in written, and three in pictorial formats) of Aghraz AlSeyasah, without taking advantage of all of them, has corrected and published the printed version of the book for the first time in 1349 (AH). Negligence in using the written version in the correction and trusteeship towards pictorial versions of Aghraz AlSeyasah, hastiness in correction and weaknesses in typesetting have yielded some errors in the book. In the present paper, the authors, by studying the available manuscripts of Aghraz AlSeyasah Fi A’araz AlReyasah, particularly the newlydiscovered manuscript in the library of Khangahe Ahmadi (Shiraz) and referring to other works written by Zahiri Samarghandi (including Sandbad nameh and Ghorrat–alAlfaz) and Divans of the other poets, have tried to analyze and correct some distortions and falsification errors in the published text of Aghraz AlSeyasah.   Introduction Aghraz AlSeyasah fi A’araz AlReyasah written by Zahiri Samarghandi is one of the technical prose texts of the sixth century AH full of rich political, social, legal, educational, and ethical teachings. It has a great deal of Persian and Arabic poetic evidence on various occasions. The methods of governing and other teachings mentioned in this book have made this work particularly attractive among classical Persian prose texts, and have attracted many readers, especially government officials in the past. As a result, it has been repeatedly rewritten by scribes and has undergone many falsifications and distortions. An acquaintance with Zahiri’s style, and in particular, the relatively unknown work of Ghorrat alAlfaz va Nozhat alalhahaz,a book on the teaching of writing, vocabulary and rhetoric which has been recently published, can help correct some of the errors in Aghraz AlSeyasah.   Material Methods   Considering Zahiriʼs style of writing in his works, and comparing the written manuscripts of Aghraz AlSeyasah with its printed text, some of the errors in this book have been identified. This article has been written to correct some of these errors. This research is a descriptiveanalytic one and with a common method of studies on correction of texts based on manuscripts (especially with an emphasis on the newlydiscovered manuscript available at Khanghahe Ahmadi of Shiraz) and other works of the author.   Discussion of Results Conclusions     The stylistics and critical correction of the text are mutually interconnected; the more edited the text is, the more detailed examination of the stylistic properties of the work will be performed. On the other hand, familiarity with the stylistic features of a work also contributes to the scientific and critical correction of the work, which has been used in this study. Also, in this section of the paper, the errors discussed in Aghraz AlSeyasah are first identified based on the Persian transcript and their English (italic) equivalent within the arc and are arranged in page order. Then, their correct form is suggested based on manuscripts and other documents: Zinat (ornament) (7) Rotbat (rank). Bakhieh (stitch) (10) Takhteh (board). Rowzani (a small hole) (13) Ruze man (my day). Moayiad (assisted) (44) Moabbad (eternal). Benảyeh mahabbat (building of love) (54) Be pảyeh mehnat (due to misery). Be chashm (by eye) (57) Tajassom (embodiment). St (st) (112) Beniat (basis). Marảier (ropes) (123) Sarảier (secrets). Chon mảr (like snake) (163) Khoon bảr (shedding blood). Baghi (remainder) (267) Ta Bi (two perpositios “until” and “without”). Khod (oneself) (311) Chon (because). Margov (expecting) (312) Mazjur (forbidden). Seiảhat (exploration) (317) Masảhat (extent). Tahfif (wear something by clothes) (334) tajfif (make dry). Ghabz (take) (351) Ghanas (hunt). Atmảr (dates) (368) Athmảr (products). Sanảiea (industries) (368) Manabea (sources). Aineh (Mirror) (377) Abneieh (Buildings). Gar (if) (414) Gu (tell). The book of Aghraz AlSeyasah needs to be recorrected for the following reasons; numerous manuscripts of this work, inaccuracies and distortions made by scribes, the lack of proofreading of all manuscripts in correction and comparison processes, negligence of the respected editor in lending to the basic version, hastiness and weaknesses in typesetting in the printed text of the book, and the existence of the question mark (meaning that the word is not precisely edited) on pages of the book. In this regard, the authors of this paper have corrected some of the errors in this book and have emphasized the critical correction of this work.